Date:   Fri, 21 Jun 2019 13:03:57 -0700
From:   Eric Biggers <ebiggers@...nel.org>
To:     Chandan Rajendra <chandan@...ux.ibm.com>
Cc:     linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-f2fs-devel@...ts.sourceforge.net,
        linux-fscrypt@...r.kernel.org, tytso@....edu,
        adilger.kernel@...ger.ca, jaegeuk@...nel.org, yuchao0@...wei.com,
        hch@...radead.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH V3 1/7] FS: Introduce read callbacks

Hi Chandan,

On Sun, Jun 16, 2019 at 09:38:07PM +0530, Chandan Rajendra wrote:
> Read callbacks implements a state machine to be executed after a
> buffered read I/O is completed. They help in further processing the file
> data read from the backing store. Currently, decryption is the only post
> processing step to be supported.
> 
> The execution of the state machine is to be initiated by the endio
> function associated with the read operation.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Chandan Rajendra <chandan@...ux.ibm.com>
> ---
>  fs/Kconfig                     |   3 +
>  fs/Makefile                    |   2 +
>  fs/crypto/Kconfig              |   1 +
>  fs/crypto/bio.c                |  11 +++
>  fs/read_callbacks.c            | 174 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  include/linux/fscrypt.h        |   5 +
>  include/linux/read_callbacks.h |  38 +++++++
>  7 files changed, 234 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 fs/read_callbacks.c
>  create mode 100644 include/linux/read_callbacks.h
> 
> diff --git a/fs/Kconfig b/fs/Kconfig
> index f1046cf6ad85..d869859c88da 100644
> --- a/fs/Kconfig
> +++ b/fs/Kconfig
> @@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ if BLOCK
>  config FS_IOMAP
>  	bool
>  
> +config FS_READ_CALLBACKS
> +       bool

This should be intended with a tab, not spaces.

> +
>  source "fs/ext2/Kconfig"
>  source "fs/ext4/Kconfig"
>  source "fs/jbd2/Kconfig"
> diff --git a/fs/Makefile b/fs/Makefile
> index c9aea23aba56..a1a06f0db5c1 100644
> --- a/fs/Makefile
> +++ b/fs/Makefile
> @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ else
>  obj-y +=	no-block.o
>  endif
>  
> +obj-$(CONFIG_FS_READ_CALLBACKS) += read_callbacks.o
> +
>  obj-$(CONFIG_PROC_FS) += proc_namespace.o

Nit: maybe move this to just below the line for iomap.o, to be consistent with
where FS_READ_CALLBACKS is in the Kconfig file.

>  
>  obj-y				+= notify/
> diff --git a/fs/crypto/Kconfig b/fs/crypto/Kconfig
> index 24ed99e2eca0..7752f9964280 100644
> --- a/fs/crypto/Kconfig
> +++ b/fs/crypto/Kconfig
> @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ config FS_ENCRYPTION
>  	select CRYPTO_CTS
>  	select CRYPTO_SHA256
>  	select KEYS
> +	select FS_READ_CALLBACKS if BLOCK
>  	help
>  	  Enable encryption of files and directories.  This
>  	  feature is similar to ecryptfs, but it is more memory
> diff --git a/fs/crypto/bio.c b/fs/crypto/bio.c
> index 82da2510721f..f677ff93d464 100644
> --- a/fs/crypto/bio.c
> +++ b/fs/crypto/bio.c
> @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
>  #include <linux/module.h>
>  #include <linux/bio.h>
>  #include <linux/namei.h>
> +#include <linux/read_callbacks.h>
>  #include "fscrypt_private.h"
>  
>  static void __fscrypt_decrypt_bio(struct bio *bio, bool done)
> @@ -68,6 +69,16 @@ void fscrypt_enqueue_decrypt_bio(struct fscrypt_ctx *ctx, struct bio *bio)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(fscrypt_enqueue_decrypt_bio);
>  
> +void fscrypt_decrypt_work(struct work_struct *work)
> +{
> +	struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx =
> +		container_of(work, struct read_callbacks_ctx, work);
> +
> +	fscrypt_decrypt_bio(ctx->bio);
> +
> +	read_callbacks(ctx);
> +}
> +

This seems like a layering violation, since it means that read_callbacks.c calls
fs/crypto/ *and* fs/crypto/ calls read_callbacks.c.  I don't think fs/crypto/
should be aware of read_callbacks at all.  Instead we should have a clear
ordering between the components: the filesystem uses read_callbacks.c and
fs/crypto/, and read_callbacks.c uses fs/crypto/.  So how about:

- Move fscrypt_decrypt_work(), fscrypt_decrypt_bh(), and fscrypt_decrypt_bio()
  into fs/read_callbacks.c and remove the "fscrypt_" prefix from them.

- Instead of selecting FS_READ_CALLBACKS from FS_ENCRYPTION, select it from
  EXT4_FS and F2FS_FS (if FS_ENCRYPTION).  I.e., it's really the *filesystems*
  themselves that use read_callbacks, not fs/crypto/.

- Move the definition of read_callbacks_ctx into fs/read_callbacks.c, and make
  read_callbacks() static, so these are private to the read_callbacks component.

>  int fscrypt_zeroout_range(const struct inode *inode, pgoff_t lblk,
>  				sector_t pblk, unsigned int len)
>  {
> diff --git a/fs/read_callbacks.c b/fs/read_callbacks.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..a4196e3de05f
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/fs/read_callbacks.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * This file tracks the state machine that needs to be executed after reading
> + * data from files that are encrypted and/or have verity metadata associated
> + * with them.
> + */
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/mm.h>
> +#include <linux/pagemap.h>
> +#include <linux/bio.h>
> +#include <linux/fscrypt.h>
> +#include <linux/read_callbacks.h>
> +
> +#define NUM_PREALLOC_READ_CALLBACK_CTXS	128
> +
> +static struct kmem_cache *read_callbacks_ctx_cache;
> +static mempool_t *read_callbacks_ctx_pool;
> +
> +/* Read callback state machine steps */
> +enum read_callbacks_step {
> +	STEP_INITIAL = 0,
> +	STEP_DECRYPT,
> +};
> +
> +static void put_read_callbacks_ctx(struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx)
> +{
> +	mempool_free(ctx, read_callbacks_ctx_pool);
> +}

Maybe call this free_read_callbacks_ctx(), so that it doesn't sound like it's
doing reference counting.

> +
> +static void end_read_callbacks_bio(struct bio *bio)
> +{
> +	struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx;
> +	struct page *page;
> +	struct bio_vec *bv;
> +	struct bvec_iter_all iter_all;
> +
> +	ctx = bio->bi_private;
> +
> +	bio_for_each_segment_all(bv, bio, iter_all) {
> +		page = bv->bv_page;
> +
> +		if (bio->bi_status || PageError(page)) {
> +			ClearPageUptodate(page);
> +			SetPageError(page);
> +		} else {
> +			SetPageUptodate(page);
> +		}
> +
> +		if (ctx->page_op)
> +			ctx->page_op(bio, page);
> +
> +		unlock_page(page);
> +	}
> +
> +	put_read_callbacks_ctx(ctx);
> +
> +	bio_put(bio);
> +}

The filesystem itself (or fs/mpage.c) actually has to implement almost all this
logic as well anyway, because CONFIG_FS_READ_CALLBACKS may be unset.  And the
->page_op() callback, which exists only because f2fs needs to update some
counter, is very ugly.

IMO, it would be simpler to just make this whole function filesystem-specific,
as a 'typedef void (*end_bio_func_t)(struct bio *bio);' which gets passed to the
read_callbacks endio hook.

Of course, each end_bio_func_t would have to check PageError() to check whether
any read_callbacks step failed.  But to make that a bit easier and to make it
get compiled out when CONFIG_FS_READ_CALLBACKS is unset, there could be a helper
function in read_callbacks.h:

	#ifdef CONFIG_FS_READ_CALLBACKS
	static inline bool read_callbacks_failed(struct page *page)
	{
		return PageError(page);
	}
	#else
	static inline bool read_callbacks_failed(struct page *page)
	{
		return false;
	}
	#endif

> +
> +/**
> + * read_callbacks() - Execute the read callbacks state machine.
> + * @ctx: The context structure tracking the current state.
> + *
> + * For each state, this function enqueues a work into appropriate subsystem's
> + * work queue. After performing further processing of the data in the bio's
> + * pages, the subsystem should invoke read_calbacks() to continue with the next
> + * state in the state machine.
> + */
> +void read_callbacks(struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * We use different work queues for decryption and for verity because
> +	 * verity may require reading metadata pages that need decryption, and
> +	 * we shouldn't recurse to the same workqueue.
> +	 */
> +	switch (++ctx->cur_step) {
> +	case STEP_DECRYPT:
> +		if (ctx->enabled_steps & (1 << STEP_DECRYPT)) {
> +			INIT_WORK(&ctx->work, fscrypt_decrypt_work);
> +			fscrypt_enqueue_decrypt_work(&ctx->work);
> +			return;
> +		}
> +		ctx->cur_step++;
> +		/* fall-through */
> +	default:
> +		end_read_callbacks_bio(ctx->bio);
> +	}
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(read_callbacks);

As I mentioned, I think the work functions should be defined in this file rather
than in fs/crypto/ or fs/verity/, since they're specific to the read_callbacks.
fs/crypto/ and fs/verity/ should not be aware of read_callbacks at all.
Moreover, the 'read_callbacks()' function should be static.

> +
> +/**
> + * read_callbacks_end_bio() - Initiate the read callbacks state machine.
> + * @bio: bio on which read I/O operation has just been completed.
> + *
> + * Initiates the execution of the read callbacks state machine when the read
> + * operation has been completed successfully. If there was an error associated
> + * with the bio, this function frees the read callbacks context structure stored
> + * in bio->bi_private (if any).
> + *
> + * Return: 1 to indicate that the bio has been handled (including unlocking the
> + * pages); 0 otherwise.
> + */
> +int read_callbacks_end_bio(struct bio *bio)
> +{
> +	if (!bio->bi_status && bio->bi_private) {
> +		read_callbacks((struct read_callbacks_ctx *)(bio->bi_private));
> +		return 1;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (bio->bi_private)
> +		put_read_callbacks_ctx((struct read_callbacks_ctx *)(bio->bi_private));
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(read_callbacks_end_bio);

Okay, several issues here...

First, the naming of this is really confusing, since it's actually *beginning*
the read callbacks, not ending them; and it's basically the same name as
end_read_callbacks_bio(), which actually *is* for ending the read callbacks.
Since this is the endio hook, how about calling it read_callbacks_endio_bio(),
and likewise read_callbacks_endio_bh()?

But more importantly, this doesn't need to have a return value, since the
read_callbacks layer has to know how to end the bio (meaning unlock the pages
and mark them uptodate or not) *anyway*, or at least know how to ask the
filesystem to do it.  So it should just do it if needed, rather than returning 0
and making the caller do it.

Also just assign 'ctx = bio->bi_private' at the start of the function; no need
to access the field 4 times and have unnecessary casts.

So IMO, the below would be much better:

void read_callbacks_endio_bio(struct bio *bio, end_bio_func_t end_bio)
{
	struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx = bio->bi_private;

	if (ctx) {
		if (!bio->bi_status) {
			ctx->end_bio = end_bio;
			read_callbacks(ctx);
			return;
		}
		free_read_callbacks_ctx(ctx);
	}
	end_bio(bio);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(read_callbacks_endio_bio);

And then the !CONFIG_FS_READ_CALLBACKS stub:

static inline void read_callbacks_endio_bio(struct bio *bio,
					    end_bio_func_t end_bio)
{
	end_bio(bio);
}

Similarly for the buffer_head versions.

> +
> +/**
> + * read_callbacks_setup() - Initialize the read callbacks state machine
> + * @inode: The file on which read I/O is performed.
> + * @bio: bio holding page cache pages on which read I/O is performed.
> + * @page_op: Function to perform filesystem specific operations on a page.
> + *
> + * Based on the nature of the file's data (e.g. encrypted), this function
> + * computes the steps that need to be performed after data is read of the
> + * backing disk. This information is saved in a context structure. A pointer
> + * to the context structure is then stored in bio->bi_private for later
> + * usage.
> + *
> + * Return: 0 on success; An error code on failure.
> + */
> +int read_callbacks_setup(struct inode *inode, struct bio *bio,
> +			end_page_op_t page_op)
> +{
> +	struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx = NULL;
> +	unsigned int enabled_steps = 0;
> +
> +	if (IS_ENCRYPTED(inode) && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
> +		enabled_steps |= 1 << STEP_DECRYPT;
> +
> +	if (enabled_steps) {
> +		ctx = mempool_alloc(read_callbacks_ctx_pool, GFP_NOFS);
> +		if (!ctx)
> +			return -ENOMEM;
> +		ctx->bio = bio;
> +		ctx->inode = inode;
> +		ctx->enabled_steps = enabled_steps;
> +		ctx->cur_step = STEP_INITIAL;
> +		ctx->page_op = page_op;
> +		bio->bi_private = ctx;
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(read_callbacks_setup);

Please call it:

	read_callbacks_setup_bio()

Then when you add buffer_head support later in the patchset, rather than adding
a buffer_head argument to this function, add a new function:

	read_callbacks_setup_bh()

So that all the users don't have to pass both the buffer_head and bio arguments.

These can use a common function get_read_callbacks_ctx() that creates a
read_callbacks_ctx for the inode.  E.g., the bio version could look like:

int read_callbacks_setup_bio(struct inode *inode, struct bio *bio)
{
	struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx = get_read_callbacks_ctx(inode);

	if (ctx) {
		if (IS_ERR(ctx))
			return PTR_ERR(ctx);
		ctx->bio = bio;
		ctx->bh = NULL;
		bio->bi_private = ctx;
	}
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(read_callbacks_setup_bio);


Also, a nit: can you move the read_callbacks_setup_*() functions to near the top
of the file, since they're called first (before the endio functions)?  Likewise
in read_callbacks.h.  It would nice to keep the functions in a logical order.

> diff --git a/include/linux/read_callbacks.h b/include/linux/read_callbacks.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..aa1ec8ed7a6a
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/linux/read_callbacks.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +#ifndef _READ_CALLBACKS_H
> +#define _READ_CALLBACKS_H

Headers should be self-contained, but this is missing some prerequisite headers
and forward declarations.  Try compiling a .c file with this header included
first.

> +
> +typedef void (*end_page_op_t)(struct bio *bio, struct page *page);
> +
> +struct read_callbacks_ctx {
> +	struct bio *bio;
> +	struct inode *inode;
> +	struct work_struct work;
> +	unsigned int cur_step;
> +	unsigned int enabled_steps;
> +	end_page_op_t page_op;
> +};

As I mentioned, I don't think read_callbacks_ctx should be exposed to
filesystems like this.  Instead just forward declare it here, and put the actual
definition in fs/read_callbacks.c.

> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_FS_READ_CALLBACKS
> +void read_callbacks(struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx);
> +int read_callbacks_end_bio(struct bio *bio);
> +int read_callbacks_setup(struct inode *inode, struct bio *bio,
> +			end_page_op_t page_op);
> +#else
> +static inline void read_callbacks(struct read_callbacks_ctx *ctx)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline int read_callbacks_end_bio(struct bio *bio)
> +{
> +	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
> +}

This stub needs to return 0, otherwise it breaks fs/mpage.c and f2fs for
everyone when CONFIG_FS_READ_CALLBACKS is unset.

But as I mentioned elsewhere, I think this should actually call an end_bio()
callback itself and return void, which would also avoid this issue.

> +
> +static inline int read_callbacks_setup(struct inode *inode,
> +				struct bio *bio, end_page_op_t page_op)
> +{
> +	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
> +}

Similarly here, this stub needs to return 0.

Thanks!

- Eric

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