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Message-Id: <200703260108.22239.kernel@kolivas.org>
Date: Mon, 26 Mar 2007 01:08:21 +1000
From: Con Kolivas <kernel@...ivas.org>
To: malc <av1474@...tv.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>,
linux list <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, zwane@...radead.org,
ck list <ck@....kolivas.org>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Subject: Re: [patch] sched: accurate user accounting
On Monday 26 March 2007 00:57, malc wrote:
> On Mon, 26 Mar 2007, Con Kolivas wrote:
> > On Sunday 25 March 2007 23:06, malc wrote:
> >> On Sun, 25 Mar 2007, Con Kolivas wrote:
> >>> On Sunday 25 March 2007 21:46, Con Kolivas wrote:
> >>>> On Sunday 25 March 2007 21:34, malc wrote:
> >>>>> On Sun, 25 Mar 2007, Ingo Molnar wrote:
> >>>>>> * Con Kolivas <kernel@...ivas.org> wrote:
> >>>>>>> For an rsdl 0.33 patched kernel. Comments? Overhead worth it?
> >>
> >> [..snip..]
> >>
> >>> ---
> >>> Currently we only do cpu accounting to userspace based on what is
> >>> actually happening precisely on each tick. The accuracy of that
> >>> accounting gets progressively worse the lower HZ is. As we already keep
> >>> accounting of nanosecond resolution we can accurately track user cpu,
> >>> nice cpu and idle cpu if we move the accounting to update_cpu_clock
> >>> with a nanosecond cpu_usage_stat entry. This increases overhead
> >>> slightly but avoids the problem of tick aliasing errors making
> >>> accounting unreliable.
> >>>
> >>> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@...ivas.org>
> >>> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>
> >>
> >> [..snip..]
> >>
> >> Forgot to mention. Given that this goes into the kernel, shouldn't
> >> Documentation/cpu-load.txt be amended/removed?
> >
> > Yes that's a good idea. Also there should be a sanity check because
> > sometimes for some reason noone's been able to explain to me sched_clock
> > gives a value which doesn't make sense (time appears to have gone
> > backwards) and that will completely ruin the accounting from then on.
>
> After running this new kernel for a while i guess i have hit this issue:
> http://www.boblycat.org/~malc/apc/bad-load.png
>
> Top and icewm's monitor do show incredibly huge load while in reality
> nothing like that is really happening. Both ad-hoc and `/proc/stat' (idle)
> show normal CPU utilization (7% since i'm doing some A/V stuff in the
> background)
Yes I'd say you hit the problem I described earlier. When playing with
sched_clock() I found it gave some "interesting" results fairly infrequently.
They could lead to ridiculous accounting mistakes.
So before we go any further with this patch, can you try the following one and
see if this simple sanity check is enough?
Thanks!
---
Currently we only do cpu accounting to userspace based on what is
actually happening precisely on each tick. The accuracy of that
accounting gets progressively worse the lower HZ is. As we already keep
accounting of nanosecond resolution we can accurately track user cpu,
nice cpu and idle cpu if we move the accounting to update_cpu_clock with
a nanosecond cpu_usage_stat entry. This increases overhead slightly but
avoids the problem of tick aliasing errors making accounting unreliable.
Remove the now defunct Documentation/cpu-load.txt file.
Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@...ivas.org>
---
Documentation/cpu-load.txt | 113 --------------------------------------------
include/linux/kernel_stat.h | 3 +
include/linux/sched.h | 2
kernel/sched.c | 50 ++++++++++++++++++-
kernel/timer.c | 5 -
5 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 120 deletions(-)
Index: linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/include/linux/kernel_stat.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct.orig/include/linux/kernel_stat.h 2007-03-26 00:56:05.000000000 +1000
+++ linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/include/linux/kernel_stat.h 2007-03-26 00:56:25.000000000 +1000
@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@
struct cpu_usage_stat {
cputime64_t user;
+ cputime64_t user_ns;
cputime64_t nice;
+ cputime64_t nice_ns;
cputime64_t system;
cputime64_t softirq;
cputime64_t irq;
cputime64_t idle;
+ cputime64_t idle_ns;
cputime64_t iowait;
cputime64_t steal;
};
Index: linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/include/linux/sched.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct.orig/include/linux/sched.h 2007-03-26 00:56:05.000000000 +1000
+++ linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/include/linux/sched.h 2007-03-26 00:57:01.000000000 +1000
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ struct task_struct {
int __user *clear_child_tid; /* CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID */
unsigned long rt_priority;
- cputime_t utime, stime;
+ cputime_t utime, utime_ns, stime;
unsigned long nvcsw, nivcsw; /* context switch counts */
struct timespec start_time;
/* mm fault and swap info: this can arguably be seen as either mm-specific or thread-specific */
Index: linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/kernel/sched.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct.orig/kernel/sched.c 2007-03-26 00:56:05.000000000 +1000
+++ linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/kernel/sched.c 2007-03-26 01:01:22.000000000 +1000
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ unsigned long long __attribute__((weak))
*/
#define NS_TO_JIFFIES(TIME) ((TIME) / (1000000000 / HZ))
#define JIFFIES_TO_NS(TIME) ((TIME) * (1000000000 / HZ))
+#define JIFFY_NS JIFFIES_TO_NS(1)
/*
* These are the 'tuning knobs' of the scheduler:
@@ -3017,8 +3018,53 @@ EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(kstat);
static inline void
update_cpu_clock(struct task_struct *p, struct rq *rq, unsigned long long now)
{
- p->sched_time += now - p->last_ran;
+ struct cpu_usage_stat *cpustat = &kstat_this_cpu.cpustat;
+ cputime64_t time_diff;
+
p->last_ran = rq->most_recent_timestamp = now;
+ /* Sanity check. It should never go backwards or ruin accounting */
+ if (unlikely(now < p->last_ran))
+ return;
+ time_diff = now - p->last_ran;
+ p->sched_time += time_diff;
+ if (p != rq->idle) {
+ cputime_t utime_diff = time_diff;
+
+ if (TASK_NICE(p) > 0) {
+ cpustat->nice_ns = cputime64_add(cpustat->nice_ns,
+ time_diff);
+ if (cpustat->nice_ns > JIFFY_NS) {
+ cpustat->nice_ns =
+ cputime64_sub(cpustat->nice_ns,
+ JIFFY_NS);
+ cpustat->nice =
+ cputime64_add(cpustat->nice, 1);
+ }
+ } else {
+ cpustat->user_ns = cputime64_add(cpustat->user_ns,
+ time_diff);
+ if (cpustat->user_ns > JIFFY_NS) {
+ cpustat->user_ns =
+ cputime64_sub(cpustat->user_ns,
+ JIFFY_NS);
+ cpustat ->user =
+ cputime64_add(cpustat->user, 1);
+ }
+ }
+ p->utime_ns = cputime_add(p->utime_ns, utime_diff);
+ if (p->utime_ns > JIFFY_NS) {
+ p->utime_ns = cputime_sub(p->utime_ns, JIFFY_NS);
+ p->utime = cputime_add(p->utime,
+ jiffies_to_cputime(1));
+ }
+ } else {
+ cpustat->idle_ns = cputime64_add(cpustat->idle_ns, time_diff);
+ if (cpustat->idle_ns > JIFFY_NS) {
+ cpustat->idle_ns = cputime64_sub(cpustat->idle_ns,
+ JIFFY_NS);
+ cpustat->idle = cputime64_add(cpustat->idle, 1);
+ }
+ }
}
/*
@@ -3104,8 +3150,6 @@ void account_system_time(struct task_str
cpustat->system = cputime64_add(cpustat->system, tmp);
else if (atomic_read(&rq->nr_iowait) > 0)
cpustat->iowait = cputime64_add(cpustat->iowait, tmp);
- else
- cpustat->idle = cputime64_add(cpustat->idle, tmp);
/* Account for system time used */
acct_update_integrals(p);
}
Index: linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/kernel/timer.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct.orig/kernel/timer.c 2007-03-26 00:56:05.000000000 +1000
+++ linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/kernel/timer.c 2007-03-26 00:56:25.000000000 +1000
@@ -1196,10 +1196,9 @@ void update_process_times(int user_tick)
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
/* Note: this timer irq context must be accounted for as well. */
- if (user_tick)
- account_user_time(p, jiffies_to_cputime(1));
- else
+ if (!user_tick)
account_system_time(p, HARDIRQ_OFFSET, jiffies_to_cputime(1));
+ /* User time is accounted for in update_cpu_clock in sched.c */
run_local_timers();
if (rcu_pending(cpu))
rcu_check_callbacks(cpu, user_tick);
Index: linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct/Documentation/cpu-load.txt
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.21-rc4-acct.orig/Documentation/cpu-load.txt 2007-03-21 12:52:51.000000000 +1100
+++ /dev/null 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-CPU load
---------
-
-Linux exports various bits of information via `/proc/stat' and
-`/proc/uptime' that userland tools, such as top(1), use to calculate
-the average time system spent in a particular state, for example:
-
- $ iostat
- Linux 2.6.18.3-exp (linmac) 02/20/2007
-
- avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
- 10.01 0.00 2.92 5.44 0.00 81.63
-
- ...
-
-Here the system thinks that over the default sampling period the
-system spent 10.01% of the time doing work in user space, 2.92% in the
-kernel, and was overall 81.63% of the time idle.
-
-In most cases the `/proc/stat' information reflects the reality quite
-closely, however due to the nature of how/when the kernel collects
-this data sometimes it can not be trusted at all.
-
-So how is this information collected? Whenever timer interrupt is
-signalled the kernel looks what kind of task was running at this
-moment and increments the counter that corresponds to this tasks
-kind/state. The problem with this is that the system could have
-switched between various states multiple times between two timer
-interrupts yet the counter is incremented only for the last state.
-
-
-Example
--------
-
-If we imagine the system with one task that periodically burns cycles
-in the following manner:
-
- time line between two timer interrupts
-|--------------------------------------|
- ^ ^
- |_ something begins working |
- |_ something goes to sleep
- (only to be awaken quite soon)
-
-In the above situation the system will be 0% loaded according to the
-`/proc/stat' (since the timer interrupt will always happen when the
-system is executing the idle handler), but in reality the load is
-closer to 99%.
-
-One can imagine many more situations where this behavior of the kernel
-will lead to quite erratic information inside `/proc/stat'.
-
-
-/* gcc -o hog smallhog.c */
-#include <time.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#define HIST 10
-
-static volatile sig_atomic_t stop;
-
-static void sighandler (int signr)
-{
- (void) signr;
- stop = 1;
-}
-static unsigned long hog (unsigned long niters)
-{
- stop = 0;
- while (!stop && --niters);
- return niters;
-}
-int main (void)
-{
- int i;
- struct itimerval it = { .it_interval = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 },
- .it_value = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 } };
- sigset_t set;
- unsigned long v[HIST];
- double tmp = 0.0;
- unsigned long n;
- signal (SIGALRM, &sighandler);
- setitimer (ITIMER_REAL, &it, NULL);
-
- hog (ULONG_MAX);
- for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) v[i] = ULONG_MAX - hog (ULONG_MAX);
- for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) tmp += v[i];
- tmp /= HIST;
- n = tmp - (tmp / 3.0);
-
- sigemptyset (&set);
- sigaddset (&set, SIGALRM);
-
- for (;;) {
- hog (n);
- sigwait (&set, &i);
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-References
-----------
-
-http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/2/12/6
-Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt (1.8)
-
-
-Thanks
-------
-
-Con Kolivas, Pavel Machek
--
-ck
-
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