Message-ID: <20110816034748.GG18203@yookeroo.fritz.box>
Date:	Tue, 16 Aug 2011 13:47:48 +1000
From:	David Gibson <dwg@....ibm.com>
To:	Andrew Barry <abarry@...y.com>
Cc:	Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Avi Kivity <avi@...hat.com>,
	Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@...hat.com>,
	Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@....de>,
	"qemu-devel@...gnu.org" <qemu-devel@...gnu.org>,
	"agraf@...e.de" <agraf@...e.de>, kvm <kvm@...r.kernel.org>,
	Paul Mackerras <paulus@...ba.org>,
	"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@...fujitsu.com>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@...fujitsu.com>,
	Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>, Andrew Hastings <abh@...y.com>,
	Adam Litke <agl@...ibm.com>,
	Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@...il.com>
Subject: Re: Fix refcounting in hugetlbfs quota handling

On Mon, Aug 15, 2011 at 03:25:35PM -0500, Andrew Barry wrote:
> I've been doing something similar to this last proposal. I put a
> hugetlbfs_sb_info pointer into page_private, and dropped a reference counter and
> an active/inactive bit into the hugetlbfs_sb_info struct. At Umount time, the
> sbinfo is freed, only if the reference count is zero. Otherwise, the last
> put_quota frees the sbinfo structure. This fixed the race we were seeing between
> umount and a put_quota from an rdma transaction. I just gave it a cursory test
> on a 3.0 kernel; it has seen quite a lot more testing on a 2.6.32-derived
> kernel, with no more hits of the umount race.
> 
> Does this address the problems you were thinking about?

Ah, this looks much better than my patch.  And the fact that you've
seen your race demonstrates clearly that this isn't just a kvm
problem.  I hope we can push this upstream very soon - what can I do
to help?

> -Andrew Barry
> 
> diff --git a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
> index 87b6e04..2ed1cca 100644
> --- a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
> +++ b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
> @@ -615,8 +615,12 @@ static void hugetlbfs_put_super(struct s
>  	struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *sbi = HUGETLBFS_SB(sb);
> 
>  	if (sbi) {
> +		sbi->active = HPAGE_INACTIVE;
>  		sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
> -		kfree(sbi);
> +
> +		/*Free only if used quota is zero. */
> +		if (sbi->used_blocks == 0)
> +			kfree(sbi);
>  	}
>  }
> 
> @@ -851,6 +855,8 @@ hugetlbfs_fill_super(struct super_block
>  	sbinfo->free_blocks = config.nr_blocks;
>  	sbinfo->max_inodes = config.nr_inodes;
>  	sbinfo->free_inodes = config.nr_inodes;
> +	sbinfo->used_blocks = 0;
> +	sbinfo->active = HPAGE_ACTIVE;
>  	sb->s_maxbytes = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
>  	sb->s_blocksize = huge_page_size(config.hstate);
>  	sb->s_blocksize_bits = huge_page_shift(config.hstate);
> @@ -874,30 +880,36 @@ out_free:
>  	return -ENOMEM;
>  }
> 
> -int hugetlb_get_quota(struct address_space *mapping, long delta)
> +int hugetlb_get_quota(struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *sbinfo, long delta)
>  {
>  	int ret = 0;
> -	struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *sbinfo = HUGETLBFS_SB(mapping->host->i_sb);
> 
> -	if (sbinfo->free_blocks > -1) {
> -		spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
> -		if (sbinfo->free_blocks - delta >= 0)
> +	spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
> +	if ((sbinfo->free_blocks == -1) || (sbinfo->free_blocks - delta >= 0)) {
> +		if (sbinfo->free_blocks != -1)
>  			sbinfo->free_blocks -= delta;
> -		else
> -			ret = -ENOMEM;
> -		spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
> +		sbinfo->used_blocks += delta;
> +		sbinfo->active = HPAGE_ACTIVE;
> +	} else {
> +		ret = -ENOMEM;
>  	}
> +	spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
> 
>  	return ret;
>  }
> 
> -void hugetlb_put_quota(struct address_space *mapping, long delta)
> +void hugetlb_put_quota(struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *sbinfo, long delta)
>  {
> -	struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *sbinfo = HUGETLBFS_SB(mapping->host->i_sb);
> -
> -	if (sbinfo->free_blocks > -1) {
> -		spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
> +	spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
> +	if (sbinfo->free_blocks > -1)
>  		sbinfo->free_blocks += delta;
> +	sbinfo->used_blocks -= delta;
> +	/* If hugetlbfs_put_super couldn't free sbinfo due to
> +	* an outstanding quota reference, free it now. */
> +	if ((sbinfo->used_blocks == 0) && (sbinfo->active == HPAGE_INACTIVE)) {
> +		spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
> +		kfree(sbinfo);
> +	} else {
>  		spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
>  	}
>  }
> diff --git a/include/linux/hugetlb.h b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> index 19644e0..8780a91 100644
> --- a/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> +++ b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> @@ -142,11 +142,16 @@ struct hugetlbfs_config {
>  	struct hstate *hstate;
>  };
> 
> +#define HPAGE_INACTIVE  0
> +#define HPAGE_ACTIVE    1
> +
>  struct hugetlbfs_sb_info {
>  	long	max_blocks;   /* blocks allowed */
>  	long	free_blocks;  /* blocks free */
>  	long	max_inodes;   /* inodes allowed */
>  	long	free_inodes;  /* inodes free */
> +	long	used_blocks;  /* blocks used */
> +	long	active;		  /* active bit */
>  	spinlock_t	stat_lock;
>  	struct hstate *hstate;
>  };
> @@ -171,8 +176,8 @@ extern const struct file_operations huge
>  extern const struct vm_operations_struct hugetlb_vm_ops;
>  struct file *hugetlb_file_setup(const char *name, size_t size, vm_flags_t acct,
>  				struct user_struct **user, int creat_flags);
> -int hugetlb_get_quota(struct address_space *mapping, long delta);
> -void hugetlb_put_quota(struct address_space *mapping, long delta);
> +int hugetlb_get_quota(struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *sbinfo, long delta);
> +void hugetlb_put_quota(struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *sbinfo, long delta);
> 
>  static inline int is_file_hugepages(struct file *file)
>  {
> diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
> index dae27ba..cf26ae9 100644
> --- a/mm/hugetlb.c
> +++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
> @@ -533,9 +533,9 @@ static void free_huge_page(struct page *
>  	 */
>  	struct hstate *h = page_hstate(page);
>  	int nid = page_to_nid(page);
> -	struct address_space *mapping;
> +	struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *sbinfo;
> 
> -	mapping = (struct address_space *) page_private(page);
> +	sbinfo = ( struct hugetlbfs_sb_info *) page_private(page);
>  	set_page_private(page, 0);
>  	page->mapping = NULL;
>  	BUG_ON(page_count(page));
> @@ -551,8 +551,8 @@ static void free_huge_page(struct page *
>  		enqueue_huge_page(h, page);
>  	}
>  	spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
> -	if (mapping)
> -		hugetlb_put_quota(mapping, 1);
> +	if (sbinfo)
> +		hugetlb_put_quota(sbinfo, 1);
>  }
> 
>  static void prep_new_huge_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page, int nid)
> @@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ static struct page *alloc_huge_page(stru
>  	if (chg < 0)
>  		return ERR_PTR(-VM_FAULT_OOM);
>  	if (chg)
> -		if (hugetlb_get_quota(inode->i_mapping, chg))
> +		if (hugetlb_get_quota(HUGETLBFS_SB(inode->i_mapping->host->i_sb), chg))
>  			return ERR_PTR(-VM_FAULT_SIGBUS);
> 
>  	spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
> @@ -1045,12 +1045,12 @@ static struct page *alloc_huge_page(stru
>  	if (!page) {
>  		page = alloc_buddy_huge_page(h, NUMA_NO_NODE);
>  		if (!page) {
> -			hugetlb_put_quota(inode->i_mapping, chg);
> +			hugetlb_put_quota(HUGETLBFS_SB(inode->i_mapping->host->i_sb), chg);
>  			return ERR_PTR(-VM_FAULT_SIGBUS);
>  		}
>  	}
> 
> -	set_page_private(page, (unsigned long) mapping);
> +	set_page_private(page, (unsigned long)
> HUGETLBFS_SB(inode->i_mapping->host->i_sb));
> 
>  	vma_commit_reservation(h, vma, addr);
> 
> @@ -2086,7 +2086,7 @@ static void hugetlb_vm_op_close(struct v
> 
>  		if (reserve) {
>  			hugetlb_acct_memory(h, -reserve);
> -			hugetlb_put_quota(vma->vm_file->f_mapping, reserve);
> +			hugetlb_put_quota(HUGETLBFS_SB(vma->vm_file->f_mapping->host->i_sb), reserve);
>  		}
>  	}
>  }
> @@ -2884,7 +2884,7 @@ int hugetlb_reserve_pages(struct inode *
>  		return chg;
> 
>  	/* There must be enough filesystem quota for the mapping */
> -	if (hugetlb_get_quota(inode->i_mapping, chg))
> +	if (hugetlb_get_quota(HUGETLBFS_SB(inode->i_mapping->host->i_sb), chg))
>  		return -ENOSPC;
> 
>  	/*
> @@ -2893,7 +2893,7 @@ int hugetlb_reserve_pages(struct inode *
>  	 */
>  	ret = hugetlb_acct_memory(h, chg);
>  	if (ret < 0) {
> -		hugetlb_put_quota(inode->i_mapping, chg);
> +		hugetlb_put_quota(HUGETLBFS_SB(inode->i_mapping->host->i_sb), chg);
>  		return ret;
>  	}
> 
> @@ -2922,7 +2922,7 @@ void hugetlb_unreserve_pages(struct inod
>  	inode->i_blocks -= (blocks_per_huge_page(h) * freed);
>  	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
> 
> -	hugetlb_put_quota(inode->i_mapping, (chg - freed));
> +	hugetlb_put_quota(HUGETLBFS_SB(inode->i_mapping->host->i_sb), (chg - freed));
>  	hugetlb_acct_memory(h, -(chg - freed));
>  }
> 
> 
> 
> On 08/15/2011 01:00 PM, Hugh Dickins wrote:
> > On Sat, 13 Aug 2011, David Gibson wrote:
> >> On Fri, Aug 12, 2011 at 12:15:21PM -0700, Hugh Dickins wrote:
> >>>
> >>> Setting that aside, I think this thing of grabbing a reference to inode
> >>> for each page just does not work as you wish: when we unlink an inode,
> >>> all its pages should be freed; but because they are themselves holding
> >>> references to the inode, it and its pages stick around forever.
> >>
> >> Ugh, yes.  You're absolutely right.  That circular reference will mess
> >> everything up.  Thinking it through and testing fail.
> >>
> >>> A quick experiment with your patch versus without confirmed that:
> >>> meminfo HugePages_Free stayed down with your patch, but went back to
> >>> HugePages_Total without it.  Please check, perhaps I'm just mistaken.
> >>>
> >>> Sorry, I've not looked into what a constructive alternative might be;
> >>> and it's not the first time we've had this difficulty - it came up last
> >>> year when the ->freepage function was added, that the inode may be gone
> >>> by the time ->freepage(page) is called.
> >>
> >> Ok, so.  In fact the quota functions we call at free time only need
> >> the super block, not the inode per se.  If we put a superblock pointer
> >> instead of an inode pointer in page private, and refcounted that, I
> >> think that should remove the circular ref.  The only reason I didn't
> >> do it before is that the superblock refcounting functions didn't seem
> >> to be globally visible in an obvious way.
> >>
> >> Does that sound like a reasonable approach?
> > 
> > That does sound closer to a reaonable approach, but my guess is that it
> > will suck you into a world of superblock mutexes and semaphores, which
> > you cannot take at free_huge_page() time.
> > 
> > It might be necessary to hang your own tiny structure off the superblock,
> > with one refcount for the superblock, and one for each hugepage attached,
> > you freeing that structure when the count goes down to zero from either
> > direction.
> > 
> > Whatever you do needs testing with lockdep and atomic sleep checks.
> > 
> > I do dislike tying these separate levels together in such an unusual way,
> > but it is a difficult problem and I don't know of an easy answer.  Maybe
> > we'll need to find a better answer for other reasons, it does come up
> > from time to time e.g. recent race between evicting inode and nrpages
> > going down to 0.
> > 
> > You might care to take a look at how tmpfs (mm/shmem.c) deals with
> > the equivalent issue there (sbinfo->used_blocks).  But I expect you to
> > conclude that hugetlbfs cannot afford the kind of approximations that
> > tmpfs can afford.
> > 
> > Although I think tmpfs is more correct, to be associating the count
> > with pagecache (so the count goes down as soon as a page is truncated
> > or evicted from pagecache), your fewer and huger pages, and reservation
> > conventions, may well demand that the count stays up until the page is
> > actually freed back to hugepool.  And let's not pretend that what tmpfs
> > does is wonderful: the strange shmem_recalc_inode() tries its best to
> > notice when memory pressure has freed clean pages, but it never looks
> > beyond the inode being accessed at the times it's called.  Not at all
> > satisfactory, but not actually an issue in practice, since we stopped
> > allocating pages for simple reads from sparse file.  I did want to
> > convert tmpfs to use ->freepage(), but couldn't manage it without
> > stable mapping - same problem as you have.
> > 
> > Hugh
> 

-- 
David Gibson			| I'll have my music baroque, and my code
david AT gibson.dropbear.id.au	| minimalist, thank you.  NOT _the_ _other_
				| _way_ _around_!
http://www.ozlabs.org/~dgibson
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