Date:	Tue, 20 Aug 2013 20:26:50 +0100
From:	Matthew Garrett <mjg59@...f.ucam.org>
To:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-acpi@...r.kernel.org
Cc:	linux@...ck-us.net, dvhart@...ux.intel.com, hpa@...or.com,
	linus.walleij@...aro.org, rjw@...k.pl
Subject: ACPI vs Device Tree - moving forward

This conversation seems to have pretty much entirely ended up happening 
on ksummit-discuss, which doesn't seem that useful. So let's have 
another go with a wider audience (and where I don't have to sign up for 
yet another mailing list...)

ACPI and DT overlap in that they both provide a mechanism for 
enumerating non-enumerable devices, and both also provide a mechanism 
for attaching additional configuration data to devices (which may or may 
not be otherwise enumerable). There's a sufficient overlap in 
functionality that at least one platform that's traditionally been 
Device Tree (arm) is also adding support for ACPI - there's even 
ACPI-based arm hardware on the market already.

Right now that's a problem for us. The same hardware may end up shipped 
with either ACPI or DT-based firmware, and at the moment we'd need to 
either write two drivers or one driver with two glue layers. This is 
somewhat suboptimal.

The biggest difference between DT and ACPI is that DT is effectively a 
somewhat structured mechanism for passing arbitrary data, while ACPI 
tends (with exceptions) to provide standardised data. For instance, in 
DT we might have:

        sdhci@...00000 {
                status = "okay";
                power-gpios = <&gpio TEGRA_GPIO(K, 6) GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
                bus-width = <4>;
                keep-power-in-suspend;
        };

In ACPI the normal way to handle this would be to have a GPIO operation 
region that listed the GPIOs:

OperationRegion(GPO1, GeneralPurposeIO, 0, 1)
Field(GP01, ByteAcc, NoLock, Preserve)
{
  Connection (GpioIo(Exclusive, PullUp,,,,,)
  TG06, 1
}

And then an ACPI device:

Device (\_SB.SDHC)
{
	Method (_PS0, 0, NotSerialized)
	{
		Store (1, TG06)
	}
	Method (_PS3, 0, NotSerialized)
	{
		Store (0, TG06)
	}
}

with the ACPI core then executing these methods whenever a device is 
powered up or down.

How can we unify these two different representations? The only terribly 
plausible way of doing so seems to be to push that out to a helper 
function and then have it handled as part of device runtime power 
management, and just have the driver make pm_runtime_get() and _put() 
calls.

So we can theoretically handle cases like power lines without /too/ much 
trouble, while representing the same thing in either ACPI or DT. But we 
have plenty of other data - in the case of SDHCI alone, there's the bus 
width and potentially card detect and write protect gpio lines. These 
can easily be represented in ACPI, but not in a terribly generic way. We 
could easily add new functions to retrieve this information, but doing 
this through the standards body is likely to prove tedious, especially 
when new hardware types appear and we want to be able to ship support 
pretty much immediately.

The other choice is to ignore most of the existing ACPI functionality 
and just use it as a mechanism for providing additional metadata. Apple 
already do this using the _DSM methods:

Method (_DSM, 4, NotSerialized)
{
	Store (Package (0x07)
        {
        	"refnum", 
                0x00, 
		"address",
		0x39,
		"device-id",
		0x0cc8,
                Buffer (0x01)
                {
                	0x00
                }
        }, Local0)
        DTGP (Arg0, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, RefOf (Local0))
        Return (Local0)
}

where the DTGP() method verifies that the caller passed in an 
appropriate UUID and then hands back this buffer.

Putting all our existing DT metadata in there would be straightforward, 
but we would then effectively just be using ACPI to repackage DT - 
drivers would continue to make DT-specific calls in order to obtain the 
information they need.

This seems like the least-effort approach, but it doesn't really solve 
much. Any other OS on the same hardware is unlikely to use the DT data, 
and if someone wants to run Linux on hardware that was intended for 
another OS they're unlikely to have any DT data to use.

So while unifying this seems hugely desirable, right now it's not 
incredibly obvious how we can actually achieve that. In some cases it's 
easy to take DT information and rewrite it the ACPI way, but in others 
we just don't seem to have the primitives we need for that. One approach 
would be to work through the existing DT bindings documentation and see 
what's missing from ACPI and work on adding it, but we'll still then 
need helper functions that are able to obtain the same information from 
either source.

In any case, it seems like this is something that should be discussed. A 
bunch of people in the earlier discussion mentioned that they were going 
to be in New Orleans, so I'd suggest that we arrange a time for 
in-person discussion there. That should give us a solid basis for 
further mailing list discussion, and then there'll be another 
opportunity for discussion in Edinburgh.

-- 
Matthew Garrett | mjg59@...f.ucam.org
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