Message-ID: <543D6A5C.1060809@redhat.com>
Date:	Tue, 14 Oct 2014 14:24:28 -0400
From:	Prarit Bhargava <prarit@...hat.com>
To:	Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@...aro.org>
CC:	Saravana Kannan <skannan@...eaurora.org>,
	"Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@...ysocki.net>,
	"linux-pm@...r.kernel.org" <linux-pm@...r.kernel.org>,
	Linux Kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Robert Schöne <robert.schoene@...dresden.de>
Subject: Re: Locking issues with cpufreq and sysfs



On 10/14/2014 03:10 AM, Viresh Kumar wrote:
> On 13 October 2014 18:41, Prarit Bhargava <prarit@...hat.com> wrote:
>>
>> The locking is insufficient here, Viresh.  I no longer believe that fixes
>> to this locking scheme are the right way to move forward here.  I'm wondering
>> if we can look at other alternatives such as maintaining a refcount or
>> perhaps using a queuing mechanism for governor and policy related changes.
>>

Here's what I think we should do.  Taking a step back, the purpose of the
cpufreq sysfs files is to allow userspace to read current cpu frequency
settings, and to allow userspce to modify the governor and set the max & min
ranges for cpu frequencies.  This can be done per device or for all cpus
depending on the driver.

We have to guarantee that bothing reading and writing will always work and that
write operations will always be atomic relative to userspace.  The current
implementation of cpufreq does this through the following locks:

cpufreq_driver_lock: protects the cpufreq_cpu_data array and cpufreq_driver->boost
cpufreq_governor_lock: protects the current governor
cpufreq_governor_mutex: protects the cpufreq_governor_list
cpufreq_rwsem: protects the driver from being unloaded
global_kobj_lock: protects the "cpufreq" kobject
each policy has a rwsem (policy->rwsem): protects the cpufreq_policy struct
each policy has a transition_lock (policy->transition): synchronizes
                                                        frequency transitions

While examining this code I was wondering exactly why we allow multiple readers
and writers in cpufreq.  I could understand if we felt that this data was
critical; but it really isn't.  A short delay here isn't that big of a deal IMO
(if someone can produce a case where a delay would cause a serious problem I'd
 like to hear it).  I don't even think it is safe in most cases to allow readers
while cpufreq values are changing; if we're changing the governor userspace
cannot rely on the value of (for example) cpuinfo_max_freq.

So I'm proposing that we move to a single threaded read/write using, if
possible, a single policy lock for now.  We might transition this back to a
rwsem later on, however, for the first attempt at cleaning this up I think we
should just stick with a simple lock.  In doing that, IMO we remove

cpufreq_rwsem: protects the driver from being unloaded
cpufreq_governor_lock: protects the current governor
each policy has a rwsem (policy->rwsem): protects the cpufreq_policy struct

and potentially

cpufreq_driver_lock: protects the cpufreq_cpu_data array and cpufreq_driver->boost

After looking at the way the code would be structured, I'm wondering if

cpufreq_governor_mutex: protects the cpufreq_governor_list

is overkill.  The loading of a module should be atomic relative to the cpufreq
code, so this lock may not be required.  (Admittedly I haven't tested that...)

That would leave:

global_kobj_lock: protects the "cpufreq" kobject
each policy has a transition_lock (policy->transition): synchronizes
                                                        frequency transitions

and a new lock, perhaps called policy->lock, to serialize all events.

Pros: We clean all this up to a simpler single threaded model.  Bugs and races
here would be much easier to handle.  We're currently putting band-aid on
band-aids in this code ATM and it looks like we're seeing old races expanded
or new races exposed.

Cons: We lose the ability to do simultaneous reads and writes ... although
I remain unconvinced that this would ever be safe to do.  ie) If I change the
governor while at the same time reading, for example, the current cpu
frequency I cannot rely on that value to be valid.

After that we can add some reference counting to the sysfs file accesses
so that we can block after the sysfs removal when we change cpufreq
governors.  I think that would be trivial and that it would resolve any races
when adding and removing governor's sysfs files.

P.
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