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Date: Thu, 30 Oct 2014 10:25:43 -0700
From: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@...il.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@...el.com>,
LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] x86, kaslr: Prevent .bss from overlaping initrd
Ah! Thank you for tracking this bug down. I had never been able to reproduce it!
On Thu, Oct 30, 2014 at 5:41 AM, Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@...il.com> wrote:
> When choosing a random address, the current implementation does not take into
> account the reversed space for .bss and .brk sections. Thus the relocated kernel
> may overlap other components in memory, e.g. the initrd image:
>
> +-------------------+
> | decompressed |
> | kernel |
> | (relocated) |
Strictly speaking, the relocation table follows the decompressed
kernel, though it is part of the decompressed data. It isn't in use
once the kernel starts. Does (should) .bss overlap it?
> +-------------------+--
> | | \
> +-------------------+ .bss and .brk section
> | | /
> | initrd |--
> | |
> +-------------------+
>
> Here is an example of the overlap from a x86_64 kernel in qemu (the ranges of
> physical addresses are presented):
>
> compressed kernel: [0x0449626e, 0x04e30aa3]
> initrd: [0x13ce6000, 0x13fef373]
> relocated kernel: [0x0fe00000, 0x13c1c2bb]
> .bss and .brk sections: [0x13c1c2bc, 0x148262bb]
What did you use to instrument this? I'd be curious to see how large
the relocation table is too.
> The initrd image will then be overwritten by the memset during early
> initialization:
>
> [ 1.655204] Unpacking initramfs...
> [ 1.662831] Initramfs unpacking failed: junk in compressed archive
>
> This patch prevents the above situation by requiring a larger space when looking
> for a random kernel base, so that existing logic can effectively avoids the
> overlap.
Yes, thank you again for tracking this down!
>
> Fixes: 82fa9637a2 ("x86, kaslr: Select random position from e820 maps")
> Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@...el.com>
> Signed-off-by: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@...il.com>
This should also go to stable:
Cc: stable@...r.kernel.org
> ---
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile | 3 ++-
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c | 5 +++--
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S | 3 ++-
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S | 3 +++
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c | 6 ++++--
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h | 6 ++++--
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c | 8 ++++++--
> arch/x86/tools/calc_reserved.awk | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
> 8 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
> create mode 100644 arch/x86/tools/calc_reserved.awk
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
> index 704f58aa79cd..419e12b203d9 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
> @@ -76,8 +76,9 @@ suffix-$(CONFIG_KERNEL_XZ) := xz
> suffix-$(CONFIG_KERNEL_LZO) := lzo
> suffix-$(CONFIG_KERNEL_LZ4) := lz4
>
> +RESERVED_SIZE = $(shell objdump -h vmlinux | awk -f $(srctree)/arch/x86/tools/calc_reserved.awk)
> quiet_cmd_mkpiggy = MKPIGGY $@
> - cmd_mkpiggy = $(obj)/mkpiggy $< > $@ || ( rm -f $@ ; false )
> + cmd_mkpiggy = $(obj)/mkpiggy $< $(RESERVED_SIZE) > $@ || ( rm -f $@ ; false )
>
> targets += piggy.S
> $(obj)/piggy.S: $(obj)/vmlinux.bin.$(suffix-y) $(obj)/mkpiggy FORCE
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c
> index bb1376381985..d4695b022971 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/aslr.c
> @@ -298,7 +298,8 @@ static unsigned long find_random_addr(unsigned long minimum,
> unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input,
> unsigned long input_size,
> unsigned char *output,
> - unsigned long output_size)
> + unsigned long output_size,
> + unsigned long reserved_size)
> {
> unsigned long choice = (unsigned long)output;
> unsigned long random;
> @@ -320,7 +321,7 @@ unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input,
> (unsigned long)output, output_size);
>
> /* Walk e820 and find a random address. */
> - random = find_random_addr(choice, output_size);
> + random = find_random_addr(choice, output_size + reserved_size);
> if (!random) {
> debug_putstr("KASLR could not find suitable E820 region...\n");
> goto out;
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S
> index cbed1407a5cd..06c18f6d1f13 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S
> @@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ relocated:
> * Do the decompression, and jump to the new kernel..
> */
> /* push arguments for decompress_kernel: */
> + pushl $reserved_size
> pushl $z_output_len /* decompressed length */
> leal z_extract_offset_negative(%ebx), %ebp
> pushl %ebp /* output address */
> @@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ relocated:
> pushl %eax /* heap area */
> pushl %esi /* real mode pointer */
> call decompress_kernel /* returns kernel location in %eax */
> - addl $24, %esp
> + addl $28, %esp
>
> /*
> * Jump to the decompressed kernel.
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S
> index 2884e0c3e8a5..02c518f8aca5 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S
> @@ -402,6 +402,8 @@ relocated:
> * Do the decompression, and jump to the new kernel..
> */
> pushq %rsi /* Save the real mode argument */
> + movq $reserved_size, %r9
> + pushq %r9
> movq %rsi, %rdi /* real mode address */
> leaq boot_heap(%rip), %rsi /* malloc area for uncompression */
> leaq input_data(%rip), %rdx /* input_data */
> @@ -409,6 +411,7 @@ relocated:
> movq %rbp, %r8 /* output target address */
> movq $z_output_len, %r9 /* decompressed length */
> call decompress_kernel /* returns kernel location in %rax */
> + popq %r9
> popq %rsi
>
> /*
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c
> index 57ab74df7eea..173062d32898 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c
> @@ -358,7 +358,8 @@ asmlinkage __visible void *decompress_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap,
> unsigned char *input_data,
> unsigned long input_len,
> unsigned char *output,
> - unsigned long output_len)
> + unsigned long output_len,
> + unsigned long reserved_size)
> {
> real_mode = rmode;
>
> @@ -382,7 +383,8 @@ asmlinkage __visible void *decompress_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap,
> free_mem_end_ptr = heap + BOOT_HEAP_SIZE;
>
> output = choose_kernel_location(input_data, input_len,
> - output, output_len);
> + output, output_len,
> + reserved_size);
>
> /* Validate memory location choices. */
> if ((unsigned long)output & (MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN - 1))
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h
> index 24e3e569a13c..fae4cef40f1f 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h
> @@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ int cmdline_find_option_bool(const char *option);
> unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input,
> unsigned long input_size,
> unsigned char *output,
> - unsigned long output_size);
> + unsigned long output_size,
> + unsigned long reserved_size);
> /* cpuflags.c */
> bool has_cpuflag(int flag);
> #else
> @@ -67,7 +68,8 @@ static inline
> unsigned char *choose_kernel_location(unsigned char *input,
> unsigned long input_size,
> unsigned char *output,
> - unsigned long output_size)
> + unsigned long output_size,
> + unsigned long reserved_size)
> {
> return output;
> }
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c
> index b669ab65bf6c..a31983ced81b 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c
> @@ -36,11 +36,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> uint32_t olen;
> long ilen;
> unsigned long offs;
> + unsigned long reserved_size;
> FILE *f = NULL;
> int retval = 1;
>
> - if (argc < 2) {
> - fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s compressed_file\n", argv[0]);
> + if (argc < 3) {
> + fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s compressed_file reserved_size\n", argv[0]);
> goto bail;
> }
>
> @@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> offs += olen >> 12; /* Add 8 bytes for each 32K block */
> offs += 64*1024 + 128; /* Add 64K + 128 bytes slack */
> offs = (offs+4095) & ~4095; /* Round to a 4K boundary */
> + reserved_size = atoi(argv[2]);
>
> printf(".section \".rodata..compressed\",\"a\",@progbits\n");
> printf(".globl z_input_len\n");
> @@ -85,6 +87,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> /* z_extract_offset_negative allows simplification of head_32.S */
> printf(".globl z_extract_offset_negative\n");
> printf("z_extract_offset_negative = -0x%lx\n", offs);
> + printf(".globl reserved_size\n");
> + printf("reserved_size = 0x%lx\n", reserved_size);
>
> printf(".globl input_data, input_data_end\n");
> printf("input_data:\n");
> diff --git a/arch/x86/tools/calc_reserved.awk b/arch/x86/tools/calc_reserved.awk
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..2ca69682338a
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/arch/x86/tools/calc_reserved.awk
> @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
> +#!/bin/awk -f
> +#
> +# Calculate the amount of space that we have to reserve for .bss and .brk
> +# sections
> +#
> +# Usage:
> +# objdump -h a.out | awk -f calc_reserved.awk
> +
> +BEGIN {
> + sections = "^.bss$|^.brk$"
> + size = 0;
> +}
> +
> +/^ *[0-9]+ [a-z._]+ *[0-9a-f]+/ {
> + if (match($2, sections))
> + size += strtonum("0x" $3);
> +}
> +
> +END {
> + printf("%d\n", size);
> +}
> --
> 1.9.3
Should mkpiggy.c do the work itself instead of taking an argument?
Regardless, I want to make sure we've got the right values here. On
one of my builds:
vmlinux.bin, size 21186672, "objdump -h" shows:
25 .bss 00da2000 ffffffff82034000 0000000002034000 01434000 2**12
ALLOC
26 .brk 00026000 ffffffff82dd6000 0000000002dd6000 01434000 2**0
ALLOC
vmlinux.relocs, size 1058872
vmlinux.bin.gz, size 7549715, shows a decompressed size of 22245544:
$ dd if=vmlinux.bin.gz bs=1 skip=7549711 2>/dev/null | hexdump -C
00000000 a8 70 53 01 |.pS.|
00000004
0x015370a8 == 22245544 == 21186672 + 1058872
This means relocs are overlapping .bss, since .bss starts at
0x01434000 (21184512). The actually needed reserved space is
0x01434000 + 0x00da2000 + 0x00026000 (35635200), rather than 22245544
+ 0x00da2000 + 0x00026000 (36696232).
So, since z_output_len is really "end of relocs table" and not "end of
kernel", we actually need two offsets:
- relocs table end (exists already via z_output_len)
- end of actual kernel plus .bss and .brk, which is the sum of:
- actual size of decompressed kernel image (vmlinux.bin: 21186672)
- size of .bss + .brk (0x00da2000 + 0x00026000)
And kASLR needs to use the larger of these two values.
-Kees
--
Kees Cook
Chrome OS Security
--
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