Date:   Wed, 21 Sep 2016 12:46:03 -0700
From:   Davidlohr Bueso <dave@...olabs.net>
To:     akpm@...ux-foundation.org
Cc:     manfred@...orfullife.com, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@...e.de>
Subject: [PATCH v3] ipc/sem: optimize perform_atomic_semop()

This is the main workhorse that deals with semop user calls
such that the waitforzero or semval update operations, on the
set, can complete on not as the sma currently stands. Currently,
the set is iterated twice (setting semval, then backwards for
the sempid value). Slowpaths, and particularly SEM_UNDO calls,
must undo any altered sem when it is detected that the caller
must block or has errored-out.

With larger sets, there can occur situations where this involves
a lot of cycles and can obviously be a suboptimal use of cached
resources in shared memory. Ie, discarding CPU caches that are
also calling semop and have the sembuf cached (and can complete),
while the current lock holder doing the semop will block, error,
or does a waitforzero operation.

This patch proposes still iterating the set twice, but the first
scan is read-only, and we perform the actual updates afterward,
once we know that the call will succeed. In order to not suffer
from the overhead of dealing with sops that act on the same sem_num,
such (rare) cases use perform_atomic_semop_slow(), which is exactly
what we have now. Duplicates are detected before grabbing sem_lock,
and uses simple a 32/64-bit hash array variable to based on the sem_num
we are working on.

In addition add some comments to when we expect to the caller
to block.

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@...e.de>
---

Change from v2: Improved dup detection for working on larger sets
as well as support for test-for-zero-and-increase.

 ipc/sem.c | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 101 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ipc/sem.c b/ipc/sem.c
index 4d836035f9bb..008c5cfcccb7 100644
--- a/ipc/sem.c
+++ b/ipc/sem.c
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ struct sem_queue {
 	struct sembuf		*sops;	 /* array of pending operations */
 	struct sembuf		*blocking; /* the operation that blocked */
 	int			nsops;	 /* number of operations */
-	int			alter;	 /* does *sops alter the array? */
+	bool			alter;	 /* does *sops alter the array? */
+	bool                    dupsop;	 /* sops on more than one sem_num */
 };
 
 /* Each task has a list of undo requests. They are executed automatically
@@ -587,15 +588,23 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE3(semget, key_t, key, int, nsems, int, semflg)
 }
 
 /**
- * perform_atomic_semop - Perform (if possible) a semaphore operation
+ * perform_atomic_semop[_slow] - Attempt to perform semaphore
+ *                               operations on a given array.
  * @sma: semaphore array
  * @q: struct sem_queue that describes the operation
  *
+ * Caller blocking are as follows, based the value
+ * indicated by the semaphore operation (sem_op):
+ *
+ *  (1) >0 never blocks.
+ *  (2)  0 (wait-for-zero operation): semval is non-zero.
+ *  (3) <0 attempting to decrement semval to a value smaller than zero.
+ *
  * Returns 0 if the operation was possible.
  * Returns 1 if the operation is impossible, the caller must sleep.
- * Negative values are error codes.
+ * Returns <0 for error codes.
  */
-static int perform_atomic_semop(struct sem_array *sma, struct sem_queue *q)
+static int perform_atomic_semop_slow(struct sem_array *sma, struct sem_queue *q)
 {
 	int result, sem_op, nsops, pid;
 	struct sembuf *sop;
@@ -666,6 +675,71 @@ undo:
 	return result;
 }
 
+static int perform_atomic_semop(struct sem_array *sma, struct sem_queue *q)
+{
+	int result, sem_op, nsops;
+	struct sembuf *sop;
+	struct sem *curr;
+	struct sembuf *sops;
+	struct sem_undo *un;
+
+	sops = q->sops;
+	nsops = q->nsops;
+	un = q->undo;
+
+	if (unlikely(q->dupsop))
+		return perform_atomic_semop_slow(sma, q);
+
+	/*
+	 * We scan the semaphore set twice, first to ensure that the entire
+	 * operation can succeed, therefore avoiding any pointless writes
+	 * to shared memory and having to undo such changes in order to block
+	 * until the operations can go through.
+	 */
+	for (sop = sops; sop < sops + nsops; sop++) {
+		curr = sma->sem_base + sop->sem_num;
+		sem_op = sop->sem_op;
+		result = curr->semval;
+
+		if (!sem_op && result)
+			goto would_block; /* wait-for-zero */
+
+		result += sem_op;
+		if (result < 0)
+			goto would_block;
+
+		if (result > SEMVMX)
+			return -ERANGE;
+
+		if (sop->sem_flg & SEM_UNDO) {
+			int undo = un->semadj[sop->sem_num] - sem_op;
+
+			/* Exceeding the undo range is an error. */
+			if (undo < (-SEMAEM - 1) || undo > SEMAEM)
+				return -ERANGE;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (sop = sops; sop < sops + nsops; sop++) {
+		curr = sma->sem_base + sop->sem_num;
+		sem_op = sop->sem_op;
+		result = curr->semval;
+
+		if (sop->sem_flg & SEM_UNDO) {
+			int undo = un->semadj[sop->sem_num] - sem_op;
+			un->semadj[sop->sem_num] = undo;
+		}
+		curr->semval += sem_op;
+		curr->sempid = q->pid;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+would_block:
+	q->blocking = sop;
+	return sop->sem_flg & IPC_NOWAIT? -EAGAIN : 1;
+}
+
 static inline void wake_up_sem_queue_prepare(struct sem_queue *q, int error,
 					     struct wake_q_head *wake_q)
 {
@@ -1720,9 +1794,10 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE4(semtimedop, int, semid, struct sembuf __user *, tsops,
 	struct sembuf fast_sops[SEMOPM_FAST];
 	struct sembuf *sops = fast_sops, *sop;
 	struct sem_undo *un;
-	int undos = 0, alter = 0, max, locknum;
+	int max, locknum;
+	bool undos = false, alter = false, dupsop = false;
 	struct sem_queue queue;
-	unsigned long jiffies_left = 0;
+	unsigned long dup = 0, jiffies_left = 0;
 	struct ipc_namespace *ns;
 
 	ns = current->nsproxy->ipc_ns;
@@ -1736,10 +1811,12 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE4(semtimedop, int, semid, struct sembuf __user *, tsops,
 		if (sops == NULL)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 	}
+
 	if (copy_from_user(sops, tsops, nsops * sizeof(*tsops))) {
 		error =  -EFAULT;
 		goto out_free;
 	}
+
 	if (timeout) {
 		struct timespec _timeout;
 		if (copy_from_user(&_timeout, timeout, sizeof(*timeout))) {
@@ -1753,17 +1830,30 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE4(semtimedop, int, semid, struct sembuf __user *, tsops,
 		}
 		jiffies_left = timespec_to_jiffies(&_timeout);
 	}
+
 	max = 0;
 	for (sop = sops; sop < sops + nsops; sop++) {
+		unsigned long mask = 1 << ((sop->sem_num) % BITS_PER_LONG);
+
 		if (sop->sem_num >= max)
 			max = sop->sem_num;
 		if (sop->sem_flg & SEM_UNDO)
-			undos = 1;
-		if (sop->sem_op != 0)
-			alter = 1;
+			undos = true;
+		if (dup & mask) {
+			/*
+			 * There was a previous alter access that appears
+			 * to have accessed the same semaphore, thus use
+			 * the dupsop logic. "appears", because the detection
+			 * can only check % BITS_PER_LONG.
+			 */
+			dupsop = true;
+		}
+		if (sop->sem_op != 0) {
+			alter = true;
+			dup |= mask;
+		}
 	}
 
-
 	if (undos) {
 		/* On success, find_alloc_undo takes the rcu_read_lock */
 		un = find_alloc_undo(ns, semid);
@@ -1828,6 +1918,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE4(semtimedop, int, semid, struct sembuf __user *, tsops,
 	queue.undo = un;
 	queue.pid = task_tgid_vnr(current);
 	queue.alter = alter;
+	queue.dupsop = dupsop;
 
 	error = perform_atomic_semop(sma, &queue);
 	if (error == 0) { /* non-blocking succesfull path */
-- 
2.6.6

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