Date:   Fri, 29 Sep 2017 09:27:50 +0200
From:   Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>
To:     Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@...el.com>,
        "Luis R . Rodriguez" <mcgrof@...nel.org>,
        Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.com>,
        Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>,
        Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
        Christopher Lameter <cl@...ux.com>,
        Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>
Cc:     Dave <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@...el.com>,
        Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@...el.com>,
        Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@...hat.com>,
        Ying Huang <ying.huang@...el.com>,
        Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@...el.com>,
        Proc sysctl <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        Linux Kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux API <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] mm, sysctl: make NUMA stats configurable

[+CC linux-api]

On 09/28/2017 08:11 AM, Kemi Wang wrote:
> This is the second step which introduces a tunable interface that allow
> numa stats configurable for optimizing zone_statistics(), as suggested by
> Dave Hansen and Ying Huang.
> 
> =========================================================================
> When page allocation performance becomes a bottleneck and you can tolerate
> some possible tool breakage and decreased numa counter precision, you can
> do:
> 	echo [C|c]oarse > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stats_mode
> In this case, numa counter update is ignored. We can see about
> *4.8%*(185->176) drop of cpu cycles per single page allocation and reclaim
> on Jesper's page_bench01 (single thread) and *8.1%*(343->315) drop of cpu
> cycles per single page allocation and reclaim on Jesper's page_bench03 (88
> threads) running on a 2-Socket Broadwell-based server (88 threads, 126G
> memory).
> 
> Benchmark link provided by Jesper D Brouer(increase loop times to
> 10000000):
> https://github.com/netoptimizer/prototype-kernel/tree/master/kernel/mm/
> bench
> 
> =========================================================================
> When page allocation performance is not a bottleneck and you want all
> tooling to work, you can do:
> 	echo [S|s]trict > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stats_mode
> 
> =========================================================================
> We recommend automatic detection of numa statistics by system, this is also
> system default configuration, you can do:
> 	echo [A|a]uto > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stats_mode
> In this case, numa counter update is skipped unless it has been read by
> users at least once, e.g. cat /proc/zoneinfo.
> 
> Branch target selection with jump label:
> a) When numa_stats_mode is changed to *strict*, jump to the branch for numa
> counters update.
> b) When numa_stats_mode is changed to *coarse*, return back directly.
> c) When numa_stats_mode is changed to *auto*, the branch target used in
> last time is kept, and the branch target is changed to the branch for numa
> counters update once numa counters are *read* by users.
> 
> Therefore, with the help of jump label, the page allocation performance is
> hardly affected when numa counters are updated with a call in
> zone_statistics(). Meanwhile, the auto mode can give people benefit without
> manual tuning.
> 
> Many thanks to Michal Hocko, Dave Hansen and Ying Huang for comments to
> help improve the original patch.
> 
> ChangeLog:
>   V2->V3:
>   a) Propose a better way to use jump label to eliminate the overhead of
>   branch selection in zone_statistics(), as inspired by Ying Huang;
>   b) Add a paragraph in commit log to describe the way for branch target
>   selection;
>   c) Use a more descriptive name numa_stats_mode instead of vmstat_mode,
>   and change the description accordingly, as suggested by Michal Hocko;
>   d) Make this functionality NUMA-specific via ifdef
> 
>   V1->V2:
>   a) Merge to one patch;
>   b) Use jump label to eliminate the overhead of branch selection;
>   c) Add a single-time log message at boot time to help tell users what
>   happened.
> 
> Reported-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@...hat.com>
> Suggested-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>
> Suggested-by: Ying Huang <ying.huang@...el.com>
> Signed-off-by: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@...el.com>
> ---
>  Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt |  24 +++++++++
>  drivers/base/node.c         |   4 ++
>  include/linux/vmstat.h      |  23 ++++++++
>  init/main.c                 |   3 ++
>  kernel/sysctl.c             |   7 +++
>  mm/page_alloc.c             |  10 ++++
>  mm/vmstat.c                 | 129 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  7 files changed, 200 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
> index 9baf66a..e310e69 100644
> --- a/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
> @@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/vm:
>  - swappiness
>  - user_reserve_kbytes
>  - vfs_cache_pressure
> +- numa_stats_mode
>  - watermark_scale_factor
>  - zone_reclaim_mode
>  
> @@ -843,6 +844,29 @@ ten times more freeable objects than there are.
>  
>  =============================================================
>  
> +numa_stats_mode
> +
> +This interface allows numa statistics configurable.
> +
> +When page allocation performance becomes a bottleneck and you can tolerate
> +some possible tool breakage and decreased numa counter precision, you can
> +do:
> +	echo [C|c]oarse > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stats_mode
> +
> +When page allocation performance is not a bottleneck and you want all
> +tooling to work, you can do:
> +	echo [S|s]trict > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stat_mode
> +
> +We recommend automatic detection of numa statistics by system, because numa
> +statistics does not affect system's decision and it is very rarely
> +consumed. you can do:
> +	echo [A|a]uto > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stats_mode
> +This is also system default configuration, with this default setting, numa
> +counters update is skipped unless the counter is *read* by users at least
> +once.
> +
> +==============================================================
> +
>  watermark_scale_factor:
>  
>  This factor controls the aggressiveness of kswapd. It defines the
> diff --git a/drivers/base/node.c b/drivers/base/node.c
> index 3855902..b57b5622 100644
> --- a/drivers/base/node.c
> +++ b/drivers/base/node.c
> @@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR(meminfo, S_IRUGO, node_read_meminfo, NULL);
>  static ssize_t node_read_numastat(struct device *dev,
>  				struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
>  {
> +	if (vm_numa_stats_mode == VM_NUMA_STAT_AUTO_MODE)
> +		static_branch_enable(&vm_numa_stats_mode_key);
>  	return sprintf(buf,
>  		       "numa_hit %lu\n"
>  		       "numa_miss %lu\n"
> @@ -186,6 +188,8 @@ static ssize_t node_read_vmstat(struct device *dev,
>  		n += sprintf(buf+n, "%s %lu\n",
>  			     vmstat_text[i + NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS],
>  			     sum_zone_numa_state(nid, i));
> +	if (vm_numa_stats_mode == VM_NUMA_STAT_AUTO_MODE)
> +		static_branch_enable(&vm_numa_stats_mode_key);
>  #endif
>  
>  	for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
> diff --git a/include/linux/vmstat.h b/include/linux/vmstat.h
> index ade7cb5..d52e882 100644
> --- a/include/linux/vmstat.h
> +++ b/include/linux/vmstat.h
> @@ -6,9 +6,28 @@
>  #include <linux/mmzone.h>
>  #include <linux/vm_event_item.h>
>  #include <linux/atomic.h>
> +#include <linux/static_key.h>
>  
>  extern int sysctl_stat_interval;
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(vm_numa_stats_mode_key);
> +/*
> + * vm_numa_stats_mode:
> + * 0 = auto mode of NUMA stats, automatic detection of NUMA statistics.
> + * 1 = strict mode of NUMA stats, keep NUMA statistics.
> + * 2 = coarse mode of NUMA stats, ignore NUMA statistics.
> + */
> +#define VM_NUMA_STAT_AUTO_MODE 0
> +#define VM_NUMA_STAT_STRICT_MODE  1
> +#define VM_NUMA_STAT_COARSE_MODE  2
> +#define VM_NUMA_STAT_MODE_LEN 16
> +extern int vm_numa_stats_mode;
> +extern char sysctl_vm_numa_stats_mode[];
> +extern int sysctl_vm_numa_stats_mode_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
> +		void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos);
> +#endif
> +
>  #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
>  /*
>   * Light weight per cpu counter implementation.
> @@ -229,6 +248,10 @@ extern unsigned long sum_zone_node_page_state(int node,
>  extern unsigned long sum_zone_numa_state(int node, enum numa_stat_item item);
>  extern unsigned long node_page_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
>  						enum node_stat_item item);
> +extern void zero_zone_numa_counters(struct zone *zone);
> +extern void zero_zones_numa_counters(void);
> +extern void zero_global_numa_counters(void);
> +extern void invalid_numa_statistics(void);
>  #else
>  #define sum_zone_node_page_state(node, item) global_zone_page_state(item)
>  #define node_page_state(node, item) global_node_page_state(item)
> diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
> index 0ee9c686..1e300a8 100644
> --- a/init/main.c
> +++ b/init/main.c
> @@ -567,6 +567,9 @@ asmlinkage __visible void __init start_kernel(void)
>  	sort_main_extable();
>  	trap_init();
>  	mm_init();
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +	pr_info("vmstat: NUMA stats is skipped unless it has been consumed\n");
> +#endif
>  
>  	ftrace_init();
>  
> diff --git a/kernel/sysctl.c b/kernel/sysctl.c
> index 6648fbb..0678668 100644
> --- a/kernel/sysctl.c
> +++ b/kernel/sysctl.c
> @@ -1374,6 +1374,13 @@ static struct ctl_table vm_table[] = {
>  		.mode           = 0644,
>  		.proc_handler   = &hugetlb_mempolicy_sysctl_handler,
>  	},
> +	{
> +		.procname	= "numa_stats_mode",
> +		.data		= sysctl_vm_numa_stats_mode,
> +		.maxlen		= VM_NUMA_STAT_MODE_LEN,
> +		.mode		= 0644,
> +		.proc_handler	= sysctl_vm_numa_stats_mode_handler,
> +	},
>  #endif
>  	 {
>  		.procname	= "hugetlb_shm_group",
> diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
> index c841af8..6d7ea18 100644
> --- a/mm/page_alloc.c
> +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
> @@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, numa_node);
>  EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(numa_node);
>  #endif
>  
> +DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(vm_numa_stats_mode_key);
> +
>  #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
>  /*
>   * N.B., Do NOT reference the '_numa_mem_' per cpu variable directly.
> @@ -2743,6 +2745,14 @@ static inline void zone_statistics(struct zone *preferred_zone, struct zone *z)
>  #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
>  	enum numa_stat_item local_stat = NUMA_LOCAL;
>  
> +	/*
> +	 * skip zone_statistics() if NUMA stats is set to coarse mode or
> +	 * NUMA stats is never consumed in auto mode.
> +	 */
> +
> +	if (!static_branch_unlikely(&vm_numa_stats_mode_key))
> +		return;
> +
>  	if (z->node != numa_node_id())
>  		local_stat = NUMA_OTHER;
>  
> diff --git a/mm/vmstat.c b/mm/vmstat.c
> index 4bb13e7..469599c 100644
> --- a/mm/vmstat.c
> +++ b/mm/vmstat.c
> @@ -32,6 +32,91 @@
>  
>  #define NUMA_STATS_THRESHOLD (U16_MAX - 2)
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +int vm_numa_stats_mode = VM_NUMA_STAT_AUTO_MODE;
> +char sysctl_vm_numa_stats_mode[VM_NUMA_STAT_MODE_LEN] = "auto";
> +static const char *vm_numa_stats_mode_name[3] = {"auto", "strict", "coarse"};
> +static DEFINE_MUTEX(vm_numa_stats_mode_lock);
> +
> +static int __parse_vm_numa_stats_mode(char *s)
> +{
> +	const char *str = s;
> +
> +	if (strcmp(str, "auto") == 0 || strcmp(str, "Auto") == 0)
> +		vm_numa_stats_mode = VM_NUMA_STAT_AUTO_MODE;
> +	else if (strcmp(str, "strict") == 0 || strcmp(str, "Strict") == 0)
> +		vm_numa_stats_mode = VM_NUMA_STAT_STRICT_MODE;
> +	else if (strcmp(str, "coarse") == 0 || strcmp(str, "Coarse") == 0)
> +		vm_numa_stats_mode = VM_NUMA_STAT_COARSE_MODE;
> +	else {
> +		pr_warn("Ignoring invalid vm_numa_stats_mode value: %s\n", s);
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +int sysctl_vm_numa_stats_mode_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
> +		void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
> +{
> +	char old_string[VM_NUMA_STAT_MODE_LEN];
> +	int ret, oldval;
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&vm_numa_stats_mode_lock);
> +	if (write)
> +		strncpy(old_string, (char *)table->data, VM_NUMA_STAT_MODE_LEN);
> +	ret = proc_dostring(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
> +	if (ret || !write) {
> +		mutex_unlock(&vm_numa_stats_mode_lock);
> +		return ret;
> +	}
> +
> +	oldval = vm_numa_stats_mode;
> +	if (__parse_vm_numa_stats_mode((char *)table->data)) {
> +		/*
> +		 * invalid sysctl_vm_numa_stats_mode value, restore saved string
> +		 */
> +		strncpy((char *)table->data, old_string, VM_NUMA_STAT_MODE_LEN);
> +		vm_numa_stats_mode = oldval;
> +	} else {
> +		/*
> +		 * check whether numa stats mode changes or not
> +		 */
> +		if (vm_numa_stats_mode == oldval) {
> +			/* no change */
> +			mutex_unlock(&vm_numa_stats_mode_lock);
> +			return 0;
> +		} else if (vm_numa_stats_mode == VM_NUMA_STAT_AUTO_MODE)
> +			/*
> +			 * Keep the branch selection in last time when numa stats
> +			 * is changed to auto mode.
> +			 */
> +			pr_info("numa stats changes from %s mode to auto mode\n",
> +					vm_numa_stats_mode_name[oldval]);
> +		else if (vm_numa_stats_mode == VM_NUMA_STAT_STRICT_MODE) {
> +			static_branch_enable(&vm_numa_stats_mode_key);
> +			pr_info("numa stats changes from %s mode to strict mode\n",
> +					vm_numa_stats_mode_name[oldval]);
> +		} else if (vm_numa_stats_mode == VM_NUMA_STAT_COARSE_MODE) {
> +			static_branch_disable(&vm_numa_stats_mode_key);
> +			/*
> +			 * Invalidate numa counters when vmstat mode is set to coarse
> +			 * mode, because users can't tell the difference between the
> +			 * dead state and when allocator activity is quiet once
> +			 * zone_statistics() is turned off.
> +			 */
> +			invalid_numa_statistics();
> +			pr_info("numa stats changes from %s mode to coarse mode\n",
> +					vm_numa_stats_mode_name[oldval]);
> +		} else
> +			pr_warn("invalid vm_numa_stats_mode:%d\n", vm_numa_stats_mode);
> +	}
> +
> +	mutex_unlock(&vm_numa_stats_mode_lock);
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +#endif
> +
>  #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
>  DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state, vm_event_states) = {{0}};
>  EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states);
> @@ -914,6 +999,42 @@ unsigned long sum_zone_numa_state(int node,
>  	return count;
>  }
>  
> +/* zero numa counters within a zone */
> +void zero_zone_numa_counters(struct zone *zone)
> +{
> +	int item, cpu;
> +
> +	for (item = 0; item < NR_VM_NUMA_STAT_ITEMS; item++) {
> +		atomic_long_set(&zone->vm_numa_stat[item], 0);
> +		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
> +			per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->vm_numa_stat_diff[item] = 0;
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +/* zero numa counters of all the populated zones */
> +void zero_zones_numa_counters(void)
> +{
> +	struct zone *zone;
> +
> +	for_each_populated_zone(zone)
> +		zero_zone_numa_counters(zone);
> +}
> +
> +/* zero global numa counters */
> +void zero_global_numa_counters(void)
> +{
> +	int item;
> +
> +	for (item = 0; item < NR_VM_NUMA_STAT_ITEMS; item++)
> +		atomic_long_set(&vm_numa_stat[item], 0);
> +}
> +
> +void invalid_numa_statistics(void)
> +{
> +	zero_zones_numa_counters();
> +	zero_global_numa_counters();
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * Determine the per node value of a stat item.
>   */
> @@ -1582,6 +1703,10 @@ static int zoneinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
>  {
>  	pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
>  	walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, false, false, zoneinfo_show_print);
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +	if (vm_numa_stats_mode == VM_NUMA_STAT_AUTO_MODE)
> +		static_branch_enable(&vm_numa_stats_mode_key);
> +#endif
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> @@ -1678,6 +1803,10 @@ static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
>  
>  static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
>  {
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +	if (vm_numa_stats_mode == VM_NUMA_STAT_AUTO_MODE)
> +		static_branch_enable(&vm_numa_stats_mode_key);
> +#endif
>  	kfree(m->private);
>  	m->private = NULL;
>  }
> 

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