Date:   Fri, 24 Nov 2017 16:54:16 +0100
From:   Petr Mladek <pmladek@...e.com>
To:     Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>
Cc:     LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, akpm@...ux-foundation.org,
        linux-mm@...ck.org, Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@...il.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
        Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>, Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>,
        Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@...il.com>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>,
        Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>,
        Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@...ove.SAKURA.ne.jp>,
        rostedt@...e.goodmis.org, Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@....com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v4] printk: Add console owner and waiter logic to load
 balance console writes

On Wed 2017-11-08 10:27:23, Steven Rostedt wrote:
> Here's the design again:
> 
> I added a "console_owner" which is set to a task that is actively
> writing to the consoles. It is *not* the same an the owner of the
> console_lock. It is only set when doing the calls to the console
> functions. It is protected by a console_owner_lock which is a raw spin
> lock.
> 
> There is a console_waiter. This is set when there is an active console
> owner that is not current, and waiter is not set. This too is protected
> by console_owner_lock.
> 
> In printk() when it tries to write to the consoles, we have:
> 
> 	if (console_trylock())
> 		console_unlock();
> 
> Now I added an else, which will check if there is an active owner, and
> no current waiter. If that is the case, then console_waiter is set, and
> the task goes into a spin until it is no longer set.
> 
> When the active console owner finishes writing the current message to
> the consoles, it grabs the console_owner_lock and sees if there is a
> waiter, and clears console_owner.
> 
> If there is a waiter, then it breaks out of the loop, clears the waiter
> flag (because that will release the waiter from its spin), and exits.
> Note, it does *not* release the console semaphore. Because it is a
> semaphore, there is no owner.

This is very nice trick how to avoid steeling the lock by
a waiter that might sleep.


> Another task may release it. This means
> that the waiter is guaranteed to be the new console owner! Which it
> becomes.
> 
> Then the waiter calls console_unlock() and continues to write to the
> consoles.
> 
> If another task comes along and does a printk() it too can become the
> new waiter, and we wash rinse and repeat!
> 
> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@...dmis.org>

> Index: linux-trace.git/kernel/printk/printk.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-trace.git.orig/kernel/printk/printk.c
> +++ linux-trace.git/kernel/printk/printk.c
> @@ -86,8 +86,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(console_drivers);
>  static struct lockdep_map console_lock_dep_map = {
>  	.name = "console_lock"
>  };
> +static struct lockdep_map console_owner_dep_map = {
> +	.name = "console_owner"
> +};
>  #endif
>  
> +static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(console_owner_lock);
> +static struct task_struct *console_owner;
> +static bool console_waiter;
> +
>  enum devkmsg_log_bits {
>  	__DEVKMSG_LOG_BIT_ON = 0,
>  	__DEVKMSG_LOG_BIT_OFF,
> @@ -1753,8 +1760,56 @@ asmlinkage int vprintk_emit(int facility
>  		 * semaphore.  The release will print out buffers and wake up
>  		 * /dev/kmsg and syslog() users.
>  		 */
> -		if (console_trylock())
> +		if (console_trylock()) {
>  			console_unlock();
> +		} else {
> +			struct task_struct *owner = NULL;
> +			bool waiter;
> +			bool spin = false;
> +
> +			printk_safe_enter_irqsave(flags);
> +
> +			raw_spin_lock(&console_owner_lock);
> +			owner = READ_ONCE(console_owner);
> +			waiter = READ_ONCE(console_waiter);
> +			if (!waiter && owner && owner != current) {
> +				WRITE_ONCE(console_waiter, true);
> +				spin = true;
> +			}
> +			raw_spin_unlock(&console_owner_lock);
> +
> +			/*
> +			 * If there is an active printk() writing to the
> +			 * consoles, instead of having it write our data too,
> +			 * see if we can offload that load from the active
> +			 * printer, and do some printing ourselves.
> +			 * Go into a spin only if there isn't already a waiter
> +			 * spinning, and there is an active printer, and
> +			 * that active printer isn't us (recursive printk?).
> +			 */
> +			if (spin) {
> +				/* We spin waiting for the owner to release us */
> +				spin_acquire(&console_owner_dep_map, 0, 0, _THIS_IP_);
> +				/* Owner will clear console_waiter on hand off */
> +				while (READ_ONCE(console_waiter))
> +					cpu_relax();
> +
> +				spin_release(&console_owner_dep_map, 1, _THIS_IP_);
> +				printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
> +
> +				/*
> +				 * The owner passed the console lock to us.
> +				 * Since we did not spin on console lock, annotate
> +				 * this as a trylock. Otherwise lockdep will
> +				 * complain.
> +				 */
> +				mutex_acquire(&console_lock_dep_map, 0, 1, _THIS_IP_);

I am not sure that this correctly imitates the real lock
dependency. The trylock flag means that we are able to skip
this section when the lock is taken elsewhere. But it is not
the whole truth. In fact, we are blocked in this code path
when console_sem is taken by another process.

The use of console_owner_lock is not enough. The other
console_sem calls a lot of code outside the section
guarded by console_owner_lock.

I think that we have actually entered the cross-release bunch
of problems, see https://lwn.net/Articles/709849/

IMHO, we need to use struct lockdep_map_cross for
console_lock_dep_map. Also we need to put somewhere
lock_commit_crosslock().

I am going to play with it. Also I add Byungchul Park into CC.
This is why I keep most of the context in this reply (I am sorry
for it).


> +				console_unlock();
> +				printk_safe_enter_irqsave(flags);
> +			}
> +			printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
> +
> +		}
>  	}
>  
>  	return printed_len;
> @@ -2141,6 +2196,7 @@ void console_unlock(void)
>  	static u64 seen_seq;
>  	unsigned long flags;
>  	bool wake_klogd = false;
> +	bool waiter = false;
>  	bool do_cond_resched, retry;
>  
>  	if (console_suspended) {
> @@ -2229,14 +2285,64 @@ skip:
>  		console_seq++;
>  		raw_spin_unlock(&logbuf_lock);
>  
> +		/*
> +		 * While actively printing out messages, if another printk()
> +		 * were to occur on another CPU, it may wait for this one to
> +		 * finish. This task can not be preempted if there is a
> +		 * waiter waiting to take over.
> +		 */
> +		raw_spin_lock(&console_owner_lock);
> +		console_owner = current;
> +		raw_spin_unlock(&console_owner_lock);
> +
> +		/* The waiter may spin on us after setting console_owner */
> +		spin_acquire(&console_owner_dep_map, 0, 0, _THIS_IP_);
> +
>  		stop_critical_timings();	/* don't trace print latency */
>  		call_console_drivers(ext_text, ext_len, text, len);
>  		start_critical_timings();
> +
> +		raw_spin_lock(&console_owner_lock);
> +		waiter = READ_ONCE(console_waiter);
> +		console_owner = NULL;
> +		raw_spin_unlock(&console_owner_lock);
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * If there is a waiter waiting for us, then pass the
> +		 * rest of the work load over to that waiter.
> +		 */
> +		if (waiter)
> +			break;
> +
> +		/* There was no waiter, and nothing will spin on us here */
> +		spin_release(&console_owner_dep_map, 1, _THIS_IP_);
> +
>  		printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
>  
>  		if (do_cond_resched)
>  			cond_resched();
>  	}
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * If there is an active waiter waiting on the console_lock.
> +	 * Pass off the printing to the waiter, and the waiter
> +	 * will continue printing on its CPU, and when all writing
> +	 * has finished, the last printer will wake up klogd.
> +	 */
> +	if (waiter) {
> +		WRITE_ONCE(console_waiter, false);
> +		/* The waiter is now free to continue */
> +		spin_release(&console_owner_dep_map, 1, _THIS_IP_);
> +		/*
> +		 * Hand off console_lock to waiter. The waiter will perform
> +		 * the up(). After this, the waiter is the console_lock owner.
> +		 */
> +		mutex_release(&console_lock_dep_map, 1, _THIS_IP_);
> +		printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
> +		/* Note, if waiter is set, logbuf_lock is not held */
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
>  	console_locked = 0;
>  
>  	/* Release the exclusive_console once it is used */

I am most concerned about the possible deadlock at the moment.

Otherwise, I agree that this solution should help to avoid softlockup
in many situations. It should not make things worse. Only more
testing would show if it would be enough for the real life problems.

One plus is that this solution does not need special hacks in
the critical paths like panic, suspend, halt, kexec. Well, these
paths still would benefit from a more synchronous mode.

The implementation is much smaller than I have expected.
Well, I hear some alarming bells. The fact that several
people, including Tejun and Jack, reported "invalid"
problems means that this cake was easy to eat.

Best Regards,
Petr

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