Date:   Fri, 26 Oct 2018 00:08:20 +0100
From:   Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@...rix.com>
To:     Juergen Gross <jgross@...e.com>, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        "Bae, Chang Seok" <chang.seok.bae@...el.com>,
        Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@...cle.com>,
        xen-devel <xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org>
CC:     "Ravi V. Shankar" <ravi.v.shankar@...el.com>,
        Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "Metzger, Markus T" <markus.t.metzger@...el.com>,
        "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [Xen-devel] [v3 04/12] x86/fsgsbase/64: Enable FSGSBASE
 instructions in the helper functions

On 25/10/2018 07:09, Juergen Gross wrote:
> On 24/10/2018 21:41, Andrew Cooper wrote:
>> On 24/10/18 20:16, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>> On Tue, Oct 23, 2018 at 11:43 AM Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@...el.com> wrote:
>>>> The helper functions will switch on faster accesses to FSBASE and GSBASE
>>>> when the FSGSBASE feature is enabled.
>>>>
>>>> Accessing user GSBASE needs a couple of SWAPGS operations. It is avoidable
>>>> if the user GSBASE is saved at kernel entry, being updated as changes, and
>>>> restored back at kernel exit. However, it seems to spend more cycles for
>>>> savings and restorations. Little or no benefit was measured from
>>>> experiments.
>>>>
>>>> Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@...el.com>
>>>> Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>
>>>> Cc: Any Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>
>>>> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@...or.com>
>>>> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
>>>> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
>>>> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>
>>>> ---
>>>>  arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h | 17 +++----
>>>>  arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c    | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
>>>>  2 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
>>>> index b4d4509b786c..e500d771155f 100644
>>>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
>>>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
>>>> @@ -57,26 +57,23 @@ static __always_inline void wrgsbase(unsigned long gsbase)
>>>>                         : "memory");
>>>>  }
>>>>
>>>> +#include <asm/cpufeature.h>
>>>> +
>>>>  /* Helper functions for reading/writing FS/GS base */
>>>>
>>>>  static inline unsigned long x86_fsbase_read_cpu(void)
>>>>  {
>>>>         unsigned long fsbase;
>>>>
>>>> -       rdmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, fsbase);
>>>> +       if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE))
>>>> +               fsbase = rdfsbase();
>>>> +       else
>>>> +               rdmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, fsbase);
>>>>
>>>>         return fsbase;
>>>>  }
>>>>
>>>> -static inline unsigned long x86_gsbase_read_cpu_inactive(void)
>>>> -{
>>>> -       unsigned long gsbase;
>>>> -
>>>> -       rdmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, gsbase);
>>>> -
>>>> -       return gsbase;
>>>> -}
>>>> -
>>>> +extern unsigned long x86_gsbase_read_cpu_inactive(void);
>>>>  extern void x86_fsbase_write_cpu(unsigned long fsbase);
>>>>  extern void x86_gsbase_write_cpu_inactive(unsigned long gsbase);
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
>>>> index 31b4755369f0..fcf18046c3d6 100644
>>>> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
>>>> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
>>>> @@ -159,6 +159,36 @@ enum which_selector {
>>>>         GS
>>>>  };
>>>>
>>>> +/*
>>>> + * Interrupts are disabled here. Out of line to be protected from kprobes.
>>>> + */
>>>> +static noinline __kprobes unsigned long rd_inactive_gsbase(void)
>>>> +{
>>>> +       unsigned long gsbase, flags;
>>>> +
>>>> +       local_irq_save(flags);
>>>> +       native_swapgs();
>>>> +       gsbase = rdgsbase();
>>>> +       native_swapgs();
>>>> +       local_irq_restore(flags);
>>>> +
>>>> +       return gsbase;
>>>> +}
>>> Please fold this into its only caller and make *that* noinline.
>>>
>>> Also, this function, and its "write" equivalent, will access the
>>> *active* gsbase.  So it either needs to be fixed for Xen PV or some
>>> clear comment and careful auditing needs to be added to ensure that
>>> it's not used on Xen PV.  Or it needs to be renamed
>>> native_x86_fsgsbase_... and add paravirt hooks, since Xen PV allows a
>>> very efficient but different implementation, I think.  The latter is
>>> probably the right solution.
>>>
>>> (Hi Xen people -- how does CR4.FSGSBASE work on Xen?  Is it always
>>> set?  Never set?  Set only if the guest tries to set it?)
>> FML.  Seriously - whoever put this code into the hypervisor in the past
>> did an atrocious job.  After some experimentation, you're going to be
>> sad and I'm declaring this borderline unusable.
>>
>> Looks like Xen unconditionally enabled CR4.FSGSBASE if it is available. 
>> Therefore, PV guests can use the instructions, even if the bit is clear
>> in vCR4.
>>
>> The CPUID bits are exposed to guests by default, and Xen will emulate
>> vCR4.FSGSBASE being set and cleared.
>>
>> We don't however emulate swapgs (which is a cpl0 instruction).  The
>> guest gets handed a #GP[0] instead.
>>
>> The Linux WRMSR PVop uses the set_segment_base() hypercall in instead of
>> going through the full wrmsr emulation path.
>>
>> There is no equivalent get hypercall, so the only way I can see of
>> getting the value is to actually read MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE and take the
>> full rdmsr emulation path.
> Or shadow the value in a percpu variable.

Hmm true, so long as no paths try to use native_rd{fs,gs}base() to
bypass the PVop.

~Andrew

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