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Message-ID: <20200117152120.GG6339@pauld.bos.csb>
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2020 10:21:21 -0500
From: Phil Auld <pauld@...hat.com>
To: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>
Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@...aro.org>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@....com>,
Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
Quentin Perret <quentin.perret@....com>,
Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@....com>,
Morten Rasmussen <Morten.Rasmussen@....com>,
Hillf Danton <hdanton@...a.com>,
Parth Shah <parth@...ux.ibm.com>,
Rik van Riel <riel@...riel.com>,
LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] sched, fair: Allow a small load imbalance between low
utilisation SD_NUMA domains v4
On Tue, Jan 14, 2020 at 10:13:20AM +0000 Mel Gorman wrote:
> Changelog since V3
> o Allow a fixed imbalance a basic comparison with 2 tasks. This turned out to
> be as good or better than allowing an imbalance based on the group weight
> without worrying about potential spillover of the lower scheduler domains.
>
> Changelog since V2
> o Only allow a small imbalance when utilisation is low to address reports that
> higher utilisation workloads were hitting corner cases.
>
> Changelog since V1
> o Alter code flow vincent.guittot
> o Use idle CPUs for comparison instead of sum_nr_running vincent.guittot
> o Note that the division is still in place. Without it and taking
> imbalance_adj into account before the cutoff, two NUMA domains
> do not converage as being equally balanced when the number of
> busy tasks equals the size of one domain (50% of the sum).
>
> The CPU load balancer balances between different domains to spread load
> and strives to have equal balance everywhere. Communicating tasks can
> migrate so they are topologically close to each other but these decisions
> are independent. On a lightly loaded NUMA machine, two communicating tasks
> pulled together at wakeup time can be pushed apart by the load balancer.
> In isolation, the load balancer decision is fine but it ignores the tasks
> data locality and the wakeup/LB paths continually conflict. NUMA balancing
> is also a factor but it also simply conflicts with the load balancer.
>
> This patch allows a fixed degree of imbalance of two tasks to exist
> between NUMA domains regardless of utilisation levels. In many cases,
> this prevents communicating tasks being pulled apart. It was evaluated
> whether the imbalance should be scaled to the domain size. However, no
> additional benefit was measured across a range of workloads and machines
> and scaling adds the risk that lower domains have to be rebalanced. While
> this could change again in the future, such a change should specify the
> use case and benefit.
>
> The most obvious impact is on netperf TCP_STREAM -- two simple
> communicating tasks with some softirq offload depending on the
> transmission rate.
>
> 2-socket Haswell machine 48 core, HT enabled
> netperf-tcp -- mmtests config config-network-netperf-unbound
> baseline lbnuma-v3
> Hmean 64 568.73 ( 0.00%) 577.56 * 1.55%*
> Hmean 128 1089.98 ( 0.00%) 1128.06 * 3.49%*
> Hmean 256 2061.72 ( 0.00%) 2104.39 * 2.07%*
> Hmean 1024 7254.27 ( 0.00%) 7557.52 * 4.18%*
> Hmean 2048 11729.20 ( 0.00%) 13350.67 * 13.82%*
> Hmean 3312 15309.08 ( 0.00%) 18058.95 * 17.96%*
> Hmean 4096 17338.75 ( 0.00%) 20483.66 * 18.14%*
> Hmean 8192 25047.12 ( 0.00%) 27806.84 * 11.02%*
> Hmean 16384 27359.55 ( 0.00%) 33071.88 * 20.88%*
> Stddev 64 2.16 ( 0.00%) 2.02 ( 6.53%)
> Stddev 128 2.31 ( 0.00%) 2.19 ( 5.05%)
> Stddev 256 11.88 ( 0.00%) 3.22 ( 72.88%)
> Stddev 1024 23.68 ( 0.00%) 7.24 ( 69.43%)
> Stddev 2048 79.46 ( 0.00%) 71.49 ( 10.03%)
> Stddev 3312 26.71 ( 0.00%) 57.80 (-116.41%)
> Stddev 4096 185.57 ( 0.00%) 96.15 ( 48.19%)
> Stddev 8192 245.80 ( 0.00%) 100.73 ( 59.02%)
> Stddev 16384 207.31 ( 0.00%) 141.65 ( 31.67%)
>
> In this case, there was a sizable improvement to performance and
> a general reduction in variance. However, this is not univeral.
> For most machines, the impact was roughly a 3% performance gain.
>
> Ops NUMA base-page range updates 19796.00 292.00
> Ops NUMA PTE updates 19796.00 292.00
> Ops NUMA PMD updates 0.00 0.00
> Ops NUMA hint faults 16113.00 143.00
> Ops NUMA hint local faults % 8407.00 142.00
> Ops NUMA hint local percent 52.18 99.30
> Ops NUMA pages migrated 4244.00 1.00
>
> Without the patch, only 52.18% of sampled accesses are local. In an
> earlier changelog, 100% of sampled accesses are local and indeed on
> most machines, this was still the case. In this specific case, the
> local sampled rates was 99.3% but note the "base-page range updates"
> and "PTE updates". The activity with the patch is negligible as were
> the number of faults. The small number of pages migrated were related to
> shared libraries. A 2-socket Broadwell showed better results on average
> but are not presented for brevity as the performance was similar except
> it showed 100% of the sampled NUMA hints were local. The patch holds up
> for a 4-socket Haswell, an AMD EPYC and AMD Epyc 2 machine.
>
> For dbench, the impact depends on the filesystem used and the number of
> clients. On XFS, there is little difference as the clients typically
> communicate with workqueues which have a separate class of scheduler
> problem at the moment. For ext4, performance is generally better,
> particularly for small numbers of clients as NUMA balancing activity is
> negligible with the patch applied.
>
> A more interesting example is the Facebook schbench which uses a
> number of messaging threads to communicate with worker threads. In this
> configuration, one messaging thread is used per NUMA node and the number of
> worker threads is varied. The 50, 75, 90, 95, 99, 99.5 and 99.9 percentiles
> for response latency is then reported.
>
> Lat 50.00th-qrtle-1 44.00 ( 0.00%) 37.00 ( 15.91%)
> Lat 75.00th-qrtle-1 53.00 ( 0.00%) 41.00 ( 22.64%)
> Lat 90.00th-qrtle-1 57.00 ( 0.00%) 42.00 ( 26.32%)
> Lat 95.00th-qrtle-1 63.00 ( 0.00%) 43.00 ( 31.75%)
> Lat 99.00th-qrtle-1 76.00 ( 0.00%) 51.00 ( 32.89%)
> Lat 99.50th-qrtle-1 89.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( 41.57%)
> Lat 99.90th-qrtle-1 98.00 ( 0.00%) 55.00 ( 43.88%)
> Lat 50.00th-qrtle-2 42.00 ( 0.00%) 42.00 ( 0.00%)
> Lat 75.00th-qrtle-2 48.00 ( 0.00%) 47.00 ( 2.08%)
> Lat 90.00th-qrtle-2 53.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( 1.89%)
> Lat 95.00th-qrtle-2 55.00 ( 0.00%) 53.00 ( 3.64%)
> Lat 99.00th-qrtle-2 62.00 ( 0.00%) 60.00 ( 3.23%)
> Lat 99.50th-qrtle-2 63.00 ( 0.00%) 63.00 ( 0.00%)
> Lat 99.90th-qrtle-2 68.00 ( 0.00%) 66.00 ( 2.94%
>
> For higher worker threads, the differences become negligible but it's
> interesting to note the difference in wakeup latency at low utilisation
> and mpstat confirms that activity was almost all on one node until
> the number of worker threads increase.
>
> Hackbench generally showed neutral results across a range of machines.
> This is different to earlier versions of the patch which allowed imbalances
> for higher degrees of utilisation. perf bench pipe showed negligible
> differences in overall performance as the differences are very close to
> the noise.
>
> An earlier prototype of the patch showed major regressions for NAS C-class
> when running with only half of the available CPUs -- 20-30% performance
> hits were measured at the time. With this version of the patch, the impact
> is negligible with small gains/losses within the noise measured. This is
> because the number of threads far exceeds the small imbalance the aptch
> cares about. Similarly, there were report of regressions for the autonuma
> benchmark against earlier versions but again, normal load balancing now
> applies for that workload.
>
> In general, the patch simply seeks to avoid unnecessary cross-node
> migrations in the basic case where imbalances are very small. For low
> utilisation communicating workloads, this patch generally behaves better
> with less NUMA balancing activity. For high utilisation, there is no
> change in behaviour.
>
> Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>
> ---
> kernel/sched/fair.c | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
> 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
> index ba749f579714..ade7a8dca5e4 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
> @@ -8648,10 +8648,6 @@ static inline void calculate_imbalance(struct lb_env *env, struct sd_lb_stats *s
> /*
> * Try to use spare capacity of local group without overloading it or
> * emptying busiest.
> - * XXX Spreading tasks across NUMA nodes is not always the best policy
> - * and special care should be taken for SD_NUMA domain level before
> - * spreading the tasks. For now, load_balance() fully relies on
> - * NUMA_BALANCING and fbq_classify_group/rq to override the decision.
> */
> if (local->group_type == group_has_spare) {
> if (busiest->group_type > group_fully_busy) {
> @@ -8691,16 +8687,37 @@ static inline void calculate_imbalance(struct lb_env *env, struct sd_lb_stats *s
> env->migration_type = migrate_task;
> lsub_positive(&nr_diff, local->sum_nr_running);
> env->imbalance = nr_diff >> 1;
> - return;
> - }
> + } else {
>
> - /*
> - * If there is no overload, we just want to even the number of
> - * idle cpus.
> - */
> - env->migration_type = migrate_task;
> - env->imbalance = max_t(long, 0, (local->idle_cpus -
> + /*
> + * If there is no overload, we just want to even the number of
> + * idle cpus.
> + */
> + env->migration_type = migrate_task;
> + env->imbalance = max_t(long, 0, (local->idle_cpus -
> busiest->idle_cpus) >> 1);
> + }
> +
> + /* Consider allowing a small imbalance between NUMA groups */
> + if (env->sd->flags & SD_NUMA) {
> + unsigned int imbalance_min;
> +
> + /*
> + * Compute an allowed imbalance based on a simple
> + * pair of communicating tasks that should remain
> + * local and ignore them.
> + *
> + * NOTE: Generally this would have been based on
> + * the domain size and this was evaluated. However,
> + * the benefit is similar across a range of workloads
> + * and machines but scaling by the domain size adds
> + * the risk that lower domains have to be rebalanced.
> + */
> + imbalance_min = 2;
> + if (busiest->sum_nr_running <= imbalance_min)
> + env->imbalance = 0;
> + }
> +
> return;
> }
>
>
Works for me. I like this simlified version.
Acked-by: Phil Auld <pauld@...hat.com>
and/or
Tested-by: Phil Auld <pauld@...hat.com>
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