Date:   Wed, 27 Oct 2021 15:16:41 -0500
From:   Rob Herring <robh@...nel.org>
To:     Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>, Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc:     Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...nel.org>,
        Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>,
        Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...hat.com>,
        Namhyung Kim <namhyung@...nel.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>, x86@...nel.org,
        "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org,
        linux-perf-users@...r.kernel.org,
        Raphael Gault <raphael.gault@....com>
Subject: [PATCH v12 5/5] Documentation: arm64: Document PMU counters access from userspace

From: Raphael Gault <raphael.gault@....com>

Add documentation to describe the access to the pmu hardware counters from
userspace.

Signed-off-by: Raphael Gault <raphael.gault@....com>
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@...nel.org>
---
v12:
 - Add note about accessing PMU registers and PMSELR_EL0 being zeroed
v11:
 - Rework chained event section to reflect 64-bit counter request may
   fail and 32-bit counters may be 64-bit with upper bits UNKNOWN.
v10:
 - Add details on perf_user_access sysctl
v9:
 - No change
v8:
 - Reword that config1:1 must always be set to request user access
v7:
 - Merge into existing arm64 perf.rst
v6:
  - Update the chained event section with attr.config1 details
v2:
  - Update links to test examples

Changes from Raphael's v4:
  - Convert to rSt
  - Update chained event status
  - Add section for heterogeneous systems
---
 Documentation/arm64/perf.rst | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 77 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/perf.rst b/Documentation/arm64/perf.rst
index b567f177d385..1f87b57c2332 100644
--- a/Documentation/arm64/perf.rst
+++ b/Documentation/arm64/perf.rst
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 
 .. _perf_index:
 
-=====================
+====
+Perf
+====
+
 Perf Event Attributes
 =====================
 
@@ -88,3 +91,76 @@ exclude_host. However when using !exclude_hv there is a small blackout
 window at the guest entry/exit where host events are not captured.
 
 On VHE systems there are no blackout windows.
+
+Perf Userspace PMU Hardware Counter Access
+==========================================
+
+Overview
+--------
+The perf userspace tool relies on the PMU to monitor events. It offers an
+abstraction layer over the hardware counters since the underlying
+implementation is cpu-dependent.
+Arm64 allows userspace tools to have access to the registers storing the
+hardware counters' values directly.
+
+This targets specifically self-monitoring tasks in order to reduce the overhead
+by directly accessing the registers without having to go through the kernel.
+
+How-to
+------
+The focus is set on the armv8 PMUv3 which makes sure that the access to the pmu
+registers is enabled and that the userspace has access to the relevant
+information in order to use them.
+
+In order to have access to the hardware counters, the global sysctl
+kernel/perf_user_access must first be enabled:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+  echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/perf_user_access
+
+It is necessary to open the event using the perf tool interface with config1:1
+attr bit set: the sys_perf_event_open syscall returns a fd which can
+subsequently be used with the mmap syscall in order to retrieve a page of memory
+containing information about the event. The PMU driver uses this page to expose
+to the user the hardware counter's index and other necessary data. Using this
+index enables the user to access the PMU registers using the `mrs` instruction.
+Access to the PMU registers is only valid while the sequence lock is unchanged.
+In particular, the PMSELR_EL0 register is zeroed each time the sequence lock is
+changed.
+
+The userspace access is supported in libperf using the perf_evsel__mmap()
+and perf_evsel__read() functions. See `tools/lib/perf/tests/test-evsel.c`_ for
+an example.
+
+About heterogeneous systems
+---------------------------
+On heterogeneous systems such as big.LITTLE, userspace PMU counter access can
+only be enabled when the tasks are pinned to a homogeneous subset of cores and
+the corresponding PMU instance is opened by specifying the 'type' attribute.
+The use of generic event types is not supported in this case.
+
+Have a look at `tools/perf/arch/arm64/tests/user-events.c`_ for an example. It
+can be run using the perf tool to check that the access to the registers works
+correctly from userspace:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+  perf test -v user
+
+About chained events and counter sizes
+--------------------------------------
+The user can request either a 32-bit (config1:0 == 0) or 64-bit (config1:0 == 1)
+counter along with userspace access. The sys_perf_event_open syscall will fail
+if a 64-bit counter is requested and the hardware doesn't support 64-bit
+counters. Chained events are not supported in conjunction with userspace counter
+access. If a 32-bit counter is requested on hardware with 64-bit counters, then
+userspace must treat the upper 32-bits read from the counter as UNKNOWN. The
+'pmc_width' field in the user page will indicate the valid width of the counter
+and should be used to mask the upper bits as needed.
+
+.. Links
+.. _tools/perf/arch/arm64/tests/user-events.c:
+   https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/tools/perf/arch/arm64/tests/user-events.c
+.. _tools/lib/perf/tests/test-evsel.c:
+   https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/tools/lib/perf/tests/test-evsel.c
-- 
2.32.0

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