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Date: Mon, 17 Jan 2022 16:32:46 +0800
From: Xin Long <lucien.xin@...il.com>
To: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@...il.com>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>,
Pekka Enberg <penberg@...nel.org>,
David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>,
Antoine Tenart <atenart@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm: slub: fix a deadlock warning in kmem_cache_destroy
On Sun, Jan 16, 2022 at 2:35 PM Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@...il.com> wrote:
>
> On Fri, Jan 14, 2022 at 09:23:16AM -0500, Xin Long wrote:
> > cpus_read_lock() is introduced into kmem_cache_destroy() by
> > commit 5a836bf6b09f ("mm: slub: move flush_cpu_slab() invocations
> > __free_slab() invocations out of IRQ context"), and it could cause
> > a deadlock.
> >
> > As Antoine pointed out, when one thread calls kmem_cache_destroy(), it is
> > blocking until kn->active becomes 0 in kernfs_drain() after holding
> > cpu_hotplug_lock. While in another thread, when calling kernfs_fop_write(),
> > it may try to hold cpu_hotplug_lock after incrementing kn->active by
> > calling kernfs_get_active():
> >
>
> Hello. can you give me a link of related the thread?
Sorry, I don't have a thread on the internet, but I think the changelog
has provided all the information we have.
Just note that It was reproduced in the RHEL-8 RT Kernel after we fixed
another issue. From the code analysis, this issue does exist on the
upstream kernel, though I couldn't build an upstream RT kernel for the
testing.
>
> > CPU0 CPU1
> > ---- ----
> > cpus_read_lock()
> > kn->active++
> > cpus_read_lock() [a]
> > wait until kn->active == 0
> >
> > Although cpu_hotplug_lock is a RWSEM, [a] will not block in there. But as
> > lockdep annotations are added for cpu_hotplug_lock, a deadlock warning
> > would be detected:
> >
> > ======================================================
> > WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
> > ------------------------------------------------------
> > dmsetup/1832 is trying to acquire lock:
> > ffff986f5a0f9f20 (kn->count#144){++++}-{0:0}, at: kernfs_remove+0x1d/0x30
> >
> > but task is already holding lock:
> > ffffffffa43817c0 (slab_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: kmem_cache_destroy+0x2a/0x120
> >
> > which lock already depends on the new lock.
> >
> > the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
> >
> > -> #2 (slab_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}:
> > lock_acquire+0xe8/0x470
> > mutex_lock_nested+0x47/0x80
> > kmem_cache_destroy+0x2a/0x120
> > bioset_exit+0xb5/0x100
> > cleanup_mapped_device+0x26/0xf0 [dm_mod]
> > free_dev+0x43/0xb0 [dm_mod]
> > __dm_destroy+0x153/0x1b0 [dm_mod]
> > dev_remove+0xe4/0x1a0 [dm_mod]
> > ctl_ioctl+0x1af/0x3f0 [dm_mod]
> > dm_ctl_ioctl+0xa/0x10 [dm_mod]
> > do_vfs_ioctl+0xa5/0x760
> > ksys_ioctl+0x60/0x90
> > __x64_sys_ioctl+0x16/0x20
> > do_syscall_64+0x8c/0x240
> > entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6a/0xdf
> >
> > -> #1 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}:
> > lock_acquire+0xe8/0x470
> > cpus_read_lock+0x39/0x100
> > cpu_partial_store+0x44/0x80
> > slab_attr_store+0x20/0x30
> > kernfs_fop_write+0x101/0x1b0
> > vfs_write+0xd4/0x1e0
> > ksys_write+0x52/0xc0
> > do_syscall_64+0x8c/0x240
> > entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6a/0xdf
> >
> > -> #0 (kn->count#144){++++}-{0:0}:
> > check_prevs_add+0x185/0xb80
> > __lock_acquire+0xd8f/0xe90
> > lock_acquire+0xe8/0x470
> > __kernfs_remove+0x25e/0x320
> > kernfs_remove+0x1d/0x30
> > kobject_del+0x28/0x60
> > kmem_cache_destroy+0xf1/0x120
> > bioset_exit+0xb5/0x100
> > cleanup_mapped_device+0x26/0xf0 [dm_mod]
> > free_dev+0x43/0xb0 [dm_mod]
> > __dm_destroy+0x153/0x1b0 [dm_mod]
> > dev_remove+0xe4/0x1a0 [dm_mod]
> > ctl_ioctl+0x1af/0x3f0 [dm_mod]
> > dm_ctl_ioctl+0xa/0x10 [dm_mod]
> > do_vfs_ioctl+0xa5/0x760
> > ksys_ioctl+0x60/0x90
> > __x64_sys_ioctl+0x16/0x20
> > do_syscall_64+0x8c/0x240
> > entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6a/0xdf
> >
> > other info that might help us debug this:
> >
> > Chain exists of:
> > kn->count#144 --> cpu_hotplug_lock --> slab_mutex
> >
> > Possible unsafe locking scenario:
> >
> > CPU0 CPU1
> > ---- ----
> > lock(slab_mutex);
> > lock(cpu_hotplug_lock);
> > lock(slab_mutex);
> > lock(kn->count#144);
> >
> > *** DEADLOCK ***
> >
> > 3 locks held by dmsetup/1832:
> > #0: ffffffffa43fe5c0 (bio_slab_lock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: bioset_exit+0x62/0x100
> > #1: ffffffffa3e87c20 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}, at: kmem_cache_destroy+0x1c/0x120
> > #2: ffffffffa43817c0 (slab_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: kmem_cache_destroy+0x2a/0x120
> >
> > stack backtrace:
> > Call Trace:
> > dump_stack+0x5c/0x80
> > check_noncircular+0xff/0x120
> > check_prevs_add+0x185/0xb80
> > __lock_acquire+0xd8f/0xe90
> > lock_acquire+0xe8/0x470
> > __kernfs_remove+0x25e/0x320
> > kernfs_remove+0x1d/0x30
> > kobject_del+0x28/0x60
> > kmem_cache_destroy+0xf1/0x120
> > bioset_exit+0xb5/0x100
> > cleanup_mapped_device+0x26/0xf0 [dm_mod]
> > free_dev+0x43/0xb0 [dm_mod]
> > __dm_destroy+0x153/0x1b0 [dm_mod]
> > dev_remove+0xe4/0x1a0 [dm_mod]
> > ctl_ioctl+0x1af/0x3f0 [dm_mod]
> > dm_ctl_ioctl+0xa/0x10 [dm_mod]
> > do_vfs_ioctl+0xa5/0x760
> > ksys_ioctl+0x60/0x90
> > __x64_sys_ioctl+0x16/0x20
> > do_syscall_64+0x8c/0x240
> > entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6a/0xdf
> >
>
> To summary the possible scenario is:
>
> - when cache is destroyed:
> cpu_hotplug_lock
> -> slab_mutex
> -> wait until kn->count == 0 (because it removes sysfs objects.)
not really wait for kn->count == 0, but wait for kn->active in kernfs_drain():
/* but everyone should wait for draining */
wait_event(root->deactivate_waitq,
atomic_read(&kn->active) == KN_DEACTIVATED_BIAS);
>
> - when someone writes to cpu_partial attribute:
> increase kn->count (incrased in kernfs_fop_write_iter(),
> using kernfs_get_active() )
and yes, called kernfs_get_active() to hold/increment kn->active.
> -> cpu_hotplug_lock
> -> slab_mutex
>
> ... So there is a circular dependency when using kernfs because
> clearing sysfs stuff in kernfs makes unexpected dependency. Right?
So it is:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
cpus_read_lock() in kmem_cache_destroy()
kn->active++ in kernfs_get_active()
cpus_read_lock() in
cpu_partial_store()->flush_all()
wait until kn->active == 0 in kernfs_drain()
>
> I think it's quite unlikely but yeah, seems possible.
Interesting that it could be easily reproduced on the RT kernel.
>
> > Since cpus_read_lock() is supposed to protect the cpu related data, it
> > makes sense to fix this issue by moving cpus_read_lock() from
> > kmem_cache_destroy() to __kmem_cache_shutdown(). While at it,
> > add the missing cpus_read_lock() in slab_mem_going_offline_callback().
> >
> > Fixes: 5a836bf6b09f ("mm: slub: move flush_cpu_slab() invocations __free_slab() invocations out of IRQ context")
> > Signed-off-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@...il.com>
> > ---
> > mm/slab_common.c | 2 --
> > mm/slub.c | 4 ++--
> > 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/mm/slab_common.c b/mm/slab_common.c
> > index e5d080a93009..06ec3fa585e6 100644
> > --- a/mm/slab_common.c
> > +++ b/mm/slab_common.c
> > @@ -494,7 +494,6 @@ void kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *s)
> > if (unlikely(!s))
> > return;
> >
> > - cpus_read_lock();
> > mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
> >
> > s->refcount--;
> > @@ -509,7 +508,6 @@ void kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *s)
> > }
> > out_unlock:
> > mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
> > - cpus_read_unlock();
> > }
>
> This code is changing lock order
> from cpu_hotplug_lock -> slab_muitex
> to slab_mutex -> cpu_hotplug_lock.
Right.
>
> > EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_destroy);
> >
> > diff --git a/mm/slub.c b/mm/slub.c
> > index abe7db581d68..754f020235ee 100644
> > --- a/mm/slub.c
> > +++ b/mm/slub.c
> > @@ -4311,7 +4311,7 @@ int __kmem_cache_shutdown(struct kmem_cache *s)
> > int node;
> > struct kmem_cache_node *n;
> >
> > - flush_all_cpus_locked(s);
> > + flush_all(s);
> > /* Attempt to free all objects */
> > for_each_kmem_cache_node(s, node, n) {
> > free_partial(s, n);
> > @@ -4646,7 +4646,7 @@ static int slab_mem_going_offline_callback(void *arg)
> >
> > mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
> > list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
> > - flush_all_cpus_locked(s);
> > + flush_all(s);
>
> In My Opinion, this code is wrong. Because it's called when memory
> offlining with cpu_hotplug_lock held. See function offline_pages()
> in mm/memory_hotplug.c for details.
>
> it first holds cpu_hoplug_lock by calling mem_hotplug_begin(),
> and notifies memory_chain. (so slab_mem_going_offline_callback is
> called.)
>
> I think this patch will make another possible deadlock scenario.
>
> in memory hotplugging: cpu_hotplug_lock -> slab_mutex -> cpu_hotplug_lock
> in slab cache destroying: slab_mutex -> cpu_hotplug_lock
Now I understand why cpus_read_lock() was called in kmem_cache_destroy().
I have to think about fixing it in a better way.
Thanks for the review.
>
> Thanks!,
> Hyeonggon.
>
> > __kmem_cache_do_shrink(s);
> > }
> > mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
> > --
> > 2.27.0
> >
> >
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