Date:   Tue, 1 Feb 2022 16:31:54 -0700
From:   Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@...hat.com>
To:     Abhishek Sahu <abhsahu@...dia.com>
Cc:     kvm@...r.kernel.org, Cornelia Huck <cohuck@...hat.com>,
        Max Gurtovoy <mgurtovoy@...dia.com>,
        Yishai Hadas <yishaih@...dia.com>,
        Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@...wei.com>,
        Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@...dia.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] vfio/pci: fix memory leak during D3hot to D0
 transition

On Tue, 1 Feb 2022 17:06:43 +0530
Abhishek Sahu <abhsahu@...dia.com> wrote:

> On 2/1/2022 1:41 AM, Alex Williamson wrote:
> > On Mon, 31 Jan 2022 16:54:50 +0530
> > Abhishek Sahu <abhsahu@...dia.com> wrote:
> >   
> >> If needs_pm_restore is set (PCI device does not have support for no
> >> soft reset), then the current PCI state will be saved during D0->D3hot
> >> transition and same will be restored back during D3hot->D0 transition.
> >> For saving the PCI state locally, pci_store_saved_state() is being
> >> used and the pci_load_and_free_saved_state() will free the allocated
> >> memory.
> >>
> >> But for reset related IOCTLs, vfio driver calls PCI reset related
> >> API's which will internally change the PCI power state back to D0. So,
> >> when the guest resumes, then it will get the current state as D0 and it
> >> will skip the call to vfio_pci_set_power_state() for changing the
> >> power state to D0 explicitly. In this case, the memory pointed by
> >> pm_save will never be freed. In a malicious sequence, the state changing
> >> to D3hot followed by VFIO_DEVICE_RESET/VFIO_DEVICE_PCI_HOT_RESET can be
> >> run in a loop and it can cause an OOM situation.
> >>
> >> Also, pci_pm_reset() returns -EINVAL if we try to reset a device that
> >> isn't currently in D0. Therefore any path where we're triggering a
> >> function reset that could use a PM reset and we don't know if the device
> >> is in D0, should wake up the device before we try that reset.
> >>
> >> This patch changes the device power state to D0 by invoking
> >> vfio_pci_set_power_state() before calling reset related API's.
> >> It will help in fixing the mentioned memory leak and making sure
> >> that the device is in D0 during reset. Also, to prevent any similar
> >> memory leak for future development, this patch frees memory first
> >> before overwriting 'pm_save'.
> >>
> >> Fixes: 51ef3a004b1e ("vfio/pci: Restore device state on PM transition")
> >> Signed-off-by: Abhishek Sahu <abhsahu@...dia.com>
> >> ---
> >>
> >> * Changes in v2
> >>
> >> - Add the Fixes tag and sent this patch independently.
> >> - Invoke vfio_pci_set_power_state() before invoking reset related API's.
> >> - Removed saving of power state locally.
> >> - Removed warning before 'kfree(vdev->pm_save)'.
> >> - Updated comments and commit message according to updated changes.
> >>
> >> * v1 of this patch was sent in
> >> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220124181726.19174-4-abhsahu@nvidia.com/
> >>
> >>  drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >>  1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)
> >>
> >> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> >> index f948e6cd2993..d6dd4f7c4b2c 100644
> >> --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> >> +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> >> @@ -228,6 +228,13 @@ int vfio_pci_set_power_state(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, pci_power_t stat
> >>       if (!ret) {
> >>               /* D3 might be unsupported via quirk, skip unless in D3 */
> >>               if (needs_save && pdev->current_state >= PCI_D3hot) {
> >> +                     /*
> >> +                      * If somehow, the vfio driver was not able to free the
> >> +                      * memory allocated in pm_save, then free the earlier
> >> +                      * memory first before overwriting pm_save to prevent
> >> +                      * memory leak.
> >> +                      */
> >> +                     kfree(vdev->pm_save);
> >>                       vdev->pm_save = pci_store_saved_state(pdev);
> >>               } else if (needs_restore) {
> >>                       pci_load_and_free_saved_state(pdev, &vdev->pm_save);
> >> @@ -322,6 +329,12 @@ void vfio_pci_core_disable(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
> >>       /* For needs_reset */
> >>       lockdep_assert_held(&vdev->vdev.dev_set->lock);
> >>
> >> +     /*
> >> +      * This function can be invoked while the power state is non-D0,
> >> +      * Change the device power state to D0 first.  
> > 
> > I think we need to describe more why we're doing this than what we're
> > doing.  We need to make sure the device is in D0 in case we have a
> > reset method that depends on that directly, ex. pci_pm_reset(), or
> > possibly device specific resets that may access device BAR resources.
> > I think it's placed here in the function so that the config space
> > changes below aren't overwritten by restoring the saved state and maybe
> > also because the set_irqs_ioctl() call might access device MMIO space.
> >   
>  
>  Thanks Alex.
>  I will add more details here in the comment.
> 
> >> +      */
> >> +     vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, PCI_D0);
> >> +
> >>       /* Stop the device from further DMA */
> >>       pci_clear_master(pdev);
> >>
> >> @@ -921,6 +934,13 @@ long vfio_pci_core_ioctl(struct vfio_device *core_vdev, unsigned int cmd,
> >>                       return -EINVAL;
> >>
> >>               vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
> >> +
> >> +             /*
> >> +              * This function can be invoked while the power state is non-D0,
> >> +              * Change the device power state to D0 before doing reset.
> >> +              */  
> > 
> > See below, reconsidering this...
> >   
> >> +             vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, PCI_D0);
> >> +
> >>               ret = pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev);
> >>               up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
> >>
> >> @@ -2055,6 +2075,13 @@ static int vfio_pci_dev_set_hot_reset(struct vfio_device_set *dev_set,
> >>       }
> >>       cur_mem = NULL;
> >>
> >> +     /*
> >> +      * This function can be invoked while the power state is non-D0.
> >> +      * Change power state of all devices to D0 before doing reset.
> >> +      */  
> > 
> > Here I have trouble convincing myself exactly what we're doing.  As you
> > note in patch 1/ of the RFC series, pci_reset_bus(), or more precisely
> > pci_dev_save_and_disable(), wakes the device to D0 before reset, so we
> > can't be doing this only to get the device into D0.  The function level
> > resets do the same.
> > 
> > Actually, now I'm remembering and debugging where I got myself confused
> > previously with pci_pm_reset().  The scenario was a Windows guest with
> > an assigned Intel 82574L NIC.  When doing a shutdown from the guest the
> > device is placed in D3hot and we enter vfio_pci_core_disable() in that
> > state.  That function however uses __pci_reset_function_locked(), which
> > skips the pci_dev_save_and_disable() since much of it is redundant for
> > that call path (I think I generalized this to all flavors of
> > pci_reset_function() in my head).  
> 
>  Thanks for providing the background related with the original issue.
> 
> > 
> > The standard call to pci_try_reset_function(), as in the previous
> > chunk, will make use of pci_dev_save_and_disable(), so for either of
> > these latter cases the concern cannot be simply having the device in D0,
> > we need a reason that we want the previously saved state restored on the
> > device before the reset, and thus restored to the device after the
> > reset as the rationale for the change.
> >   
> 
>  I will add this as a comment.
> 
> >> +     list_for_each_entry(cur, &dev_set->device_list, vdev.dev_set_list)
> >> +             vfio_pci_set_power_state(cur, PCI_D0);
> >> +
> >>       ret = pci_reset_bus(pdev);
> >>
> >>  err_undo:  
> > 
> > 
> > We also call pci_reset_bus() in vfio_pci_dev_set_try_reset().  In that
> > case, none of the other devices can be in use by the user, but they can
> > certainly be in D3hot with previous device state saved off into our
> > pm_save cache.  If we don't have a good reason to restore in that case,
> > I'm wondering if we really have a good reason to restore in the above
> > two cases.
> > 
> > Perhaps we just need the first chunk above to resolve the memory leak,  
> 
>  First chunk means only the changes done in vfio_pci_set_power_state()
>  which is calling kfree() before calling pci_store_saved_state().
>  Or I need to include more things in the first patch ?

Correct, first chunk as is the first change in the patch.  Patch chunks
are delineated by the @@ offset lines.

> 
>  With the kfree(), the original memory leak issue should be solved.
> 
> > and the second chunk as a separate patch to resolve the issue with
> > devices entering vfio_pci_core_disable() in non-D0 state.  Sorry if I  
> 
>  And this second patch will contain rest of the things where
>  we will call vfio_pci_set_power_state() explicitly for moving to
>  D0 state ?

At least the first one in vfio_pci_core_disable(), the others need
justification.

>  Also, We need to explore if setting to D0 state is really required at
>  all these places and If it is not required, then we don't need second
>  patch ?

We need a second patch, I'm convinced that we don't otherwise wake the
device to D0 before we potentially get to pci_pm_reset() in
vfio_pci_core_disable().  It's the remaining cases of setting D0 that
I'm less clear on.  If it's the case that we need to restore config
space any time a NoSoftRst- device is woken from D3hot and the state
saved and restored around the reset is meaningless otherwise, that's a
valid justification, but is it accurate?  If so, we should recheck the
other case of calling pci_reset_bus() too.  Thanks,

Alex

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