linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v5 2/2] x86/asm/bitops: __ffs,ffz: use __builtin

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Date:   Wed, 24 Aug 2022 21:10:59 +0900
From:   Vincent MAILHOL <mailhol.vincent@...adoo.fr>
To:     Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>
Cc:     Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@...gle.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, x86@...nel.org,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
        Nathan Chancellor <nathan@...nel.org>,
        Tom Rix <trix@...hat.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        llvm@...ts.linux.dev, David Howells <dhowells@...hat.com>,
        Jan Beulich <JBeulich@...e.com>,
        Christophe Jaillet <christophe.jaillet@...adoo.fr>,
        Joe Perches <joe@...ches.com>,
        Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 2/2] x86/asm/bitops: __ffs,ffz: use __builtin_ctzl to
 evaluate constant expressions

On Wed. 24 Aug 2022 at 17:43, Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de> wrote:
> On Wed, Aug 24, 2022 at 05:31:20AM +0900, Vincent MAILHOL wrote:
> > If the fact that __ffs(0) is undefined is a concern,
>
> So what is of concern is I'm looking at those *ffs things and they look
> like a real mess:

I agree that the thing is a mess. Especially the naming: adding
underscores when the behaviour is different is misleading. I think
that ctzl() would have been a better name than __ffs().

>  * Undefined if no bit exists, so code should check against 0 first.
>  */
> static __always_inline unsigned long __ffs(unsigned long word)
> {
>         asm("rep; bsf %1,%0"
>
> and that's TZCNT.

Not exactly, this is TZCNT for x86_64 but for x86, it will be BSF…

> And nowhere in TZCNT's description does it talk about undefined behavior
> - it is all defined.
>
> So I have no clue what that comment is supposed to mean?

It means that __ffs() is not a x86_64 specific function. Each
architecture is free to provide an optimized implementation and are
free to ignore __ffs(0) because this is undefined.
For ffs(0) to be defined, every architecture would have to produce the
same result, and this is not the case.

> Then:
>
>  * ffs - find first set bit in word
>  * @x: the word to search
>  *
>  * This is defined the same way as the libc and compiler builtin ffs
>  * routines, therefore differs in spirit from the other bitops.
>  *
>  * ffs(value) returns 0 if value is 0 or the position of the first
>  * set bit if value is nonzero. The first (least significant) bit
>  * is at position 1.
>
> while
>
> "Built-in Function: int __builtin_ctz (unsigned int x)
>
>     Returns the number of trailing 0-bits in x, starting at the least significant bit position. If x is 0, the result is undefined."
>
> as previously pasted.
>
> So ffs() doesn't have undefined behavior either.
>
> I guess it wants to say, it is undefined in the *respective* libc or
> compiler helper implementation. And that should be explained.
>
> > I can add a safety net:
>
> Nah, no need. It seems this "behavior" has been the case a long time so
> callers should know better (or have burned themselves properly :)).
>
> > There is an index issue. __ffs() starts at 0 but ffs() starts at one.
> > i.e.: __ffs(0x01) is 0 but ffs(0x01) is 1.
> > Aside from the zero edge case, ffs(x) equals __ffs(x) + 1. This
> > explains why __fss(0) is undefined.
>
> I'd love to drop the undefined thing and start counting at 1 while
> keeping the 0 case the special one.
>
> But that ship has sailed a long time ago - look at all the __ffs() and
> ffs() callers.

ACK. I do not believe that this is something which can be changed now.
At least, I am not willing to start such a crusade.

> Back to your patch: I think the text should be fixed to say that both
> ffs() and __ffs()'s kernel implementation doesn't have undefined results

NACK. __ffs(0) is an undefined behaviour (c.f. TZCNT instruction for
x86_64 and BSF instruction for x86). Even if x86_64 and x86 had the
same behaviour that would still not be OK as it may fool developers
into believing that __ffs(0) is defined kernel wide and would result
in non portable code.

> but since it needs to adhere to the libc variants' API, it treats 0
> differently. They surely can handle 0 as input.
>
> I.e., I'd like to see a comment there explaining the whole difference
> between ffs() and __ffs() so that people are aware.

This would be helpful but the priority would then be to modify asm-generic:
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/include/asm-generic/bitops/__ffs.h#L11

Regardless, I do not think that the comment of __ffs() and ffs() is
related to this patch series.

> Btw, pls do
>
> s/variable___ffs/variable__ffs/g
>
> Two underscores are just fine.

OK for me. The rationale was to name it variable_<function_name>()
thus the three underscores. But I will also be happy with two
underscores.


Yours sincerely,
Vincent Mailhol