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Message-ID: <459b4e6d-f469-d7f3-99e4-2efbc461b61d@ghiti.fr>
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2023 14:38:34 +0100
From: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@...ti.fr>
To: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@...osinc.com>,
Michael Ellerman <mpe@...erman.id.au>,
Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@...il.com>,
Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@...roup.eu>,
Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@...ive.com>,
Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@...belt.com>,
Albert Ou <aou@...s.berkeley.edu>,
linuxppc-dev@...ts.ozlabs.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org, nathan@...nel.org,
linux-kbuild@...r.kernel.org, llvm@...ts.linux.dev,
ndesaulniers@...gle.com,
Björn Töpel <bjorn@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v8 1/3] riscv: Introduce CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
@linux-kbuild: Does anyone has an idea to solve this?
Thanks!
On 2/22/23 13:29, Alexandre Ghiti wrote:
> +cc linux-kbuild, llvm, Nathan, Nick
>
> On 2/15/23 15:36, Alexandre Ghiti wrote:
>> From: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@...ti.fr>
>>
>> This config allows to compile 64b kernel as PIE and to relocate it at
>> any virtual address at runtime: this paves the way to KASLR.
>> Runtime relocation is possible since relocation metadata are embedded
>> into
>> the kernel.
>>
>> Note that relocating at runtime introduces an overhead even if the
>> kernel is loaded at the same address it was linked at and that the
>> compiler
>> options are those used in arm64 which uses the same RELA relocation
>> format.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@...ti.fr>
>> ---
>> arch/riscv/Kconfig | 14 +++++++++
>> arch/riscv/Makefile | 7 +++--
>> arch/riscv/kernel/efi-header.S | 6 ++--
>> arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 10 ++++--
>> arch/riscv/mm/Makefile | 4 +++
>> arch/riscv/mm/init.c | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>> 6 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
>> index e2b656043abf..e0ee7ce4b2e3 100644
>> --- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig
>> +++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
>> @@ -544,6 +544,20 @@ config COMPAT
>> If you want to execute 32-bit userspace applications, say Y.
>> +config RELOCATABLE
>> + bool "Build a relocatable kernel"
>> + depends on MMU && 64BIT && !XIP_KERNEL
>> + help
>> + This builds a kernel as a Position Independent Executable
>> (PIE),
>> + which retains all relocation metadata required to relocate
>> the
>> + kernel binary at runtime to a different virtual address
>> than the
>> + address it was linked at.
>> + Since RISCV uses the RELA relocation format, this requires a
>> + relocation pass at runtime even if the kernel is loaded at
>> the
>> + same address it was linked at.
>> +
>> + If unsure, say N.
>> +
>> endmenu # "Kernel features"
>> menu "Boot options"
>> diff --git a/arch/riscv/Makefile b/arch/riscv/Makefile
>> index 82153960ac00..97c34136b027 100644
>> --- a/arch/riscv/Makefile
>> +++ b/arch/riscv/Makefile
>> @@ -7,9 +7,12 @@
>> #
>> OBJCOPYFLAGS := -O binary
>> -LDFLAGS_vmlinux :=
>> +ifeq ($(CONFIG_RELOCATABLE),y)
>> + LDFLAGS_vmlinux += -shared -Bsymbolic -z notext -z norelro
>> + KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fPIE
>> +endif
>> ifeq ($(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE),y)
>> - LDFLAGS_vmlinux := --no-relax
>> + LDFLAGS_vmlinux += --no-relax
>> KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DCC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY
>> CC_FLAGS_FTRACE := -fpatchable-function-entry=8
>> endif
>> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/efi-header.S
>> b/arch/riscv/kernel/efi-header.S
>> index 8e733aa48ba6..f7ee09c4f12d 100644
>> --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/efi-header.S
>> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/efi-header.S
>> @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ optional_header:
>> .byte 0x02 // MajorLinkerVersion
>> .byte 0x14 // MinorLinkerVersion
>> .long __pecoff_text_end - efi_header_end // SizeOfCode
>> - .long __pecoff_data_virt_size //
>> SizeOfInitializedData
>> + .long __pecoff_data_virt_end - __pecoff_text_end //
>> SizeOfInitializedData
>> .long 0 // SizeOfUninitializedData
>> .long __efistub_efi_pe_entry - _start //
>> AddressOfEntryPoint
>> .long efi_header_end - _start // BaseOfCode
>> @@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ section_table:
>> IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE // Characteristics
>> .ascii ".data\0\0\0"
>> - .long __pecoff_data_virt_size // VirtualSize
>> + .long __pecoff_data_virt_end - __pecoff_text_end //
>> VirtualSize
>> .long __pecoff_text_end - _start // VirtualAddress
>> - .long __pecoff_data_raw_size // SizeOfRawData
>> + .long __pecoff_data_raw_end - __pecoff_text_end //
>> SizeOfRawData
>> .long __pecoff_text_end - _start // PointerToRawData
>> .long 0 // PointerToRelocations
>> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
>> b/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
>> index 4e6c88aa4d87..8be2de3be08c 100644
>> --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
>> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
>> @@ -122,9 +122,15 @@ SECTIONS
>> *(.sdata*)
>> }
>> + .rela.dyn : ALIGN(8) {
>> + __rela_dyn_start = .;
>> + *(.rela .rela*)
>> + __rela_dyn_end = .;
>> + }
>> +
>
>
> So I realized those relocations would be better in the init section so
> we can get rid of them at some point. So I tried the following:
>
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> b/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> index 7ac215467fd5..6111023a89ef 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> @@ -93,6 +93,12 @@ SECTIONS
> *(.rel.dyn*)
> }
>
> + .rela.dyn : ALIGN(8) {
> + __rela_dyn_start = .;
> + *(.rela .rela*)
> + __rela_dyn_end = .;
> + }
> +
> __init_data_end = .;
>
> . = ALIGN(8);
> @@ -119,12 +125,6 @@ SECTIONS
> *(.sdata*)
> }
>
> - .rela.dyn : ALIGN(8) {
> - __rela_dyn_start = .;
> - *(.rela .rela*)
> - __rela_dyn_end = .;
> - }
> -
> #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
> .pecoff_edata_padding : { BYTE(0); . =
> ALIGN(PECOFF_FILE_ALIGNMENT); }
> __pecoff_data_raw_end = ABSOLUTE(.);
>
>
> But then all the relocations in vmlinux end up being null:
>
> vmlinux: file format elf64-littleriscv
>
> $ riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -R vmlinux
>
> DYNAMIC RELOCATION RECORDS
> OFFSET TYPE VALUE
> 0000000000000000 R_RISCV_NONE *ABS*
> 0000000000000000 R_RISCV_NONE *ABS*
> ....
>
> I also noticed that re-linking vmlinux with the same command right
> after works (ie, the relocations are now valid):
>
> $ riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump -R vmlinux
>
> vmlinux: file format elf64-littleriscv
>
> DYNAMIC RELOCATION RECORDS
> OFFSET TYPE VALUE
> ffffffff82600718 R_RISCV_RELATIVE *ABS*-0x000000007d9ff8e8
> ffffffff82600720 R_RISCV_RELATIVE *ABS*-0x000000007d9ff8e8
> ...
>
> Below is the command used to generate this working vmlinux:
>
> riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-ld -melf64lriscv -z noexecstack
> --no-warn-rwx-segments -shared -Bsymbolic -z notext -z norelro
> --no-relax --build-id=sha1 --script=./arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds
> -Map=vmlinux.map -o vmlinux --whole-archive vmlinux.a
> .vmlinux.export.o init/version-timestamp.o --no-whole-archive
> --start-group ./drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/lib.a --end-group
> .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms3.o
>
> I tried a lot of things, but I struggle to understand, does anyone
> have any idea? FYI, the same problem happens with LLVM.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Alex
>
>
>> #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
>> .pecoff_edata_padding : { BYTE(0); . =
>> ALIGN(PECOFF_FILE_ALIGNMENT); }
>> - __pecoff_data_raw_size = ABSOLUTE(. - __pecoff_text_end);
>> + __pecoff_data_raw_end = ABSOLUTE(.);
>> #endif
>> /* End of data section */
>> @@ -134,7 +140,7 @@ SECTIONS
>> #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
>> . = ALIGN(PECOFF_SECTION_ALIGNMENT);
>> - __pecoff_data_virt_size = ABSOLUTE(. - __pecoff_text_end);
>> + __pecoff_data_virt_end = ABSOLUTE(.);
>> #endif
>> _end = .;
>> diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/Makefile b/arch/riscv/mm/Makefile
>> index 2ac177c05352..b85e9e82f082 100644
>> --- a/arch/riscv/mm/Makefile
>> +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/Makefile
>> @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
>> # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
>> CFLAGS_init.o := -mcmodel=medany
>> +ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
>> +CFLAGS_init.o += -fno-pie
>> +endif
>> +
>> ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE
>> CFLAGS_REMOVE_init.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
>> CFLAGS_REMOVE_cacheflush.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
>> diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
>> index 7f01c2e56efe..3862696c2ac9 100644
>> --- a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
>> +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
>> @@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
>> #include <linux/dma-map-ops.h>
>> #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
>> #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
>> +#include <linux/elf.h>
>> +#endif
>> #include <asm/fixmap.h>
>> #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
>> @@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ static void __init print_vm_layout(void)
>> print_ml("kasan", KASAN_SHADOW_START, KASAN_SHADOW_END);
>> #endif
>> - print_ml("kernel", (unsigned long)KERNEL_LINK_ADDR,
>> + print_ml("kernel", (unsigned long)kernel_map.virt_addr,
>> (unsigned long)ADDRESS_SPACE_END);
>> }
>> }
>> @@ -854,6 +857,44 @@ static __init void set_satp_mode(uintptr_t dtb_pa)
>> #error "setup_vm() is called from head.S before relocate so it
>> should not use absolute addressing."
>> #endif
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
>> +extern unsigned long __rela_dyn_start, __rela_dyn_end;
>> +
>> +static void __init relocate_kernel(void)
>> +{
>> + Elf64_Rela *rela = (Elf64_Rela *)&__rela_dyn_start;
>> + /*
>> + * This holds the offset between the linked virtual address and the
>> + * relocated virtual address.
>> + */
>> + uintptr_t reloc_offset = kernel_map.virt_addr - KERNEL_LINK_ADDR;
>> + /*
>> + * This holds the offset between kernel linked virtual address and
>> + * physical address.
>> + */
>> + uintptr_t va_kernel_link_pa_offset = KERNEL_LINK_ADDR -
>> kernel_map.phys_addr;
>> +
>> + for ( ; rela < (Elf64_Rela *)&__rela_dyn_end; rela++) {
>> + Elf64_Addr addr = (rela->r_offset - va_kernel_link_pa_offset);
>> + Elf64_Addr relocated_addr = rela->r_addend;
>> +
>> + if (rela->r_info != R_RISCV_RELATIVE)
>> + continue;
>> +
>> + /*
>> + * Make sure to not relocate vdso symbols like rt_sigreturn
>> + * which are linked from the address 0 in vmlinux since
>> + * vdso symbol addresses are actually used as an offset from
>> + * mm->context.vdso in VDSO_OFFSET macro.
>> + */
>> + if (relocated_addr >= KERNEL_LINK_ADDR)
>> + relocated_addr += reloc_offset;
>> +
>> + *(Elf64_Addr *)addr = relocated_addr;
>> + }
>> +}
>> +#endif /* CONFIG_RELOCATABLE */
>> +
>> #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
>> static void __init create_kernel_page_table(pgd_t *pgdir,
>> __always_unused bool early)
>> @@ -1039,6 +1080,17 @@ asmlinkage void __init setup_vm(uintptr_t dtb_pa)
>> BUG_ON((kernel_map.virt_addr + kernel_map.size) >
>> ADDRESS_SPACE_END - SZ_4K);
>> #endif
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
>> + /*
>> + * Early page table uses only one PUD, which makes it possible
>> + * to map PUD_SIZE aligned on PUD_SIZE: if the relocation offset
>> + * makes the kernel cross over a PUD_SIZE boundary, raise a bug
>> + * since a part of the kernel would not get mapped.
>> + */
>> + BUG_ON(PUD_SIZE - (kernel_map.virt_addr & (PUD_SIZE - 1)) <
>> kernel_map.size);
>> + relocate_kernel();
>> +#endif
>> +
>> apply_early_boot_alternatives();
>> pt_ops_set_early();
>
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