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Date: Thu, 29 Jun 2023 08:18:36 -0700
From: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
To: Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
x86@...nel.org
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] x86/32: Use a thread flag to track SYSENTER status
On June 28, 2023 4:00:15 PM PDT, Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com> wrote:
>When a task is in VM86 mode, the SYSENTER instruction must be disabled
>to prevent kernel stack corruption. Use a thread flag to track when a
>task needs SYSENTER disabled instead of abusing the ss1 field of the
>TSS.
>
>Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>
>---
> arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h | 26 ++------------------------
> arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h | 12 ------------
> arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h | 5 ++++-
> arch/x86/include/asm/vm86.h | 8 ++++++++
> arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c | 10 +---------
> arch/x86/kernel/process.c | 4 +++-
> arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c | 1 -
> arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c | 8 ++++----
> 8 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
>
>diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
>index b216ac80ebcc..96a5e3e5bb7b 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
>+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
>@@ -226,23 +226,7 @@ struct x86_hw_tss {
> unsigned long sp0;
> unsigned short ss0, __ss0h;
> unsigned long sp1;
>-
>- /*
>- * We don't use ring 1, so ss1 is a convenient scratch space in
>- * the same cacheline as sp0. We use ss1 to cache the value in
>- * MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS. When we context switch
>- * MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, we first check if the new value being
>- * written matches ss1, and, if it's not, then we wrmsr the new
>- * value and update ss1.
>- *
>- * The only reason we context switch MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS is
>- * that we set it to zero in vm86 tasks to avoid corrupting the
>- * stack if we were to go through the sysenter path from vm86
>- * mode.
>- */
>- unsigned short ss1; /* MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS */
>-
>- unsigned short __ss1h;
>+ unsigned short ss1, __ss1h;
> unsigned long sp2;
> unsigned short ss2, __ss2h;
> unsigned long __cr3;
>@@ -419,16 +403,11 @@ struct thread_struct {
> unsigned long sp0;
> #endif
> unsigned long sp;
>-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
>- unsigned long sysenter_cs;
>-#else
>+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> unsigned short es;
> unsigned short ds;
> unsigned short fsindex;
> unsigned short gsindex;
>-#endif
>-
>-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> unsigned long fsbase;
> unsigned long gsbase;
> #else
>@@ -648,7 +627,6 @@ static inline void spin_lock_prefetch(const void *x)
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
> #define INIT_THREAD { \
> .sp0 = TOP_OF_INIT_STACK, \
>- .sysenter_cs = __KERNEL_CS, \
> }
>
> #define KSTK_ESP(task) (task_pt_regs(task)->sp)
>diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
>index 5c91305d09d2..53d34c6fb581 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
>+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
>@@ -49,18 +49,6 @@ do { \
> ((last) = __switch_to_asm((prev), (next))); \
> } while (0)
>
>-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
>-static inline void refresh_sysenter_cs(struct thread_struct *thread)
>-{
>- /* Only happens when SEP is enabled, no need to test "SEP"arately: */
>- if (unlikely(this_cpu_read(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.ss1) == thread->sysenter_cs))
>- return;
>-
>- this_cpu_write(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.ss1, thread->sysenter_cs);
>- wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, thread->sysenter_cs, 0);
>-}
>-#endif
>-
> /* This is used when switching tasks or entering/exiting vm86 mode. */
> static inline void update_task_stack(struct task_struct *task)
> {
>diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
>index f1cccba52eb9..7f7332290ee1 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
>+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
>@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ struct thread_info {
> * - these are process state flags that various assembly files
> * may need to access
> */
>+#define TIF_DISABLE_SYSENTER 0 /* disable SYSENTER for VM86 mode */
> #define TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME 1 /* callback before returning to user */
> #define TIF_SIGPENDING 2 /* signal pending */
> #define TIF_NEED_RESCHED 3 /* rescheduling necessary */
>@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ struct thread_info {
> #define TIF_LAZY_MMU_UPDATES 27 /* task is updating the mmu lazily */
> #define TIF_ADDR32 29 /* 32-bit address space on 64 bits */
>
>+#define _TIF_DISABLE_SYSENTER (1 << TIF_DISABLE_SYSENTER)
> #define _TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME (1 << TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME)
> #define _TIF_SIGPENDING (1 << TIF_SIGPENDING)
> #define _TIF_NEED_RESCHED (1 << TIF_NEED_RESCHED)
>@@ -126,7 +128,8 @@ struct thread_info {
> /* flags to check in __switch_to() */
> #define _TIF_WORK_CTXSW_BASE \
> (_TIF_NOCPUID | _TIF_NOTSC | _TIF_BLOCKSTEP | \
>- _TIF_SSBD | _TIF_SPEC_FORCE_UPDATE)
>+ _TIF_SSBD | _TIF_SPEC_FORCE_UPDATE | \
>+ _TIF_DISABLE_SYSENTER)
>
> /*
> * Avoid calls to __switch_to_xtra() on UP as STIBP is not evaluated.
>diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/vm86.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/vm86.h
>index 9e8ac5073ecb..9e3cdbfe6e45 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/vm86.h
>+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/vm86.h
>@@ -72,6 +72,12 @@ static inline int invalid_vm86_irq(int irq)
>
> void release_vm86_irqs(struct task_struct *);
>
>+static inline void refresh_sysenter_cs(bool disable_sysenter)
>+{
>+ /* Only happens when SEP is enabled, no need to test "SEP"arately: */
>+ wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, disable_sysenter ? 0 : __KERNEL_CS , 0);
>+}
>+
> #else
>
> #define handle_vm86_fault(a, b)
>@@ -86,6 +92,8 @@ static inline void save_v86_state(struct kernel_vm86_regs *a, int b) { }
>
> #define free_vm86(t) do { } while(0)
>
>+static inline void refresh_sysenter_cs(bool disable_sysenter) { }
>+
> #endif /* CONFIG_VM86 */
>
> #endif /* _ASM_X86_VM86_H */
>diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
>index cf5275a67f39..aaf636e4d1de 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
>+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
>@@ -1933,22 +1933,14 @@ static void identify_cpu(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
> void enable_sep_cpu(void)
> {
>- struct tss_struct *tss;
> int cpu;
>
> if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SEP))
> return;
>
> cpu = get_cpu();
>- tss = &per_cpu(cpu_tss_rw, cpu);
>
>- /*
>- * We cache MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS's value in the TSS's ss1 field --
>- * see the big comment in struct x86_hw_tss's definition.
>- */
>-
>- tss->x86_tss.ss1 = __KERNEL_CS;
>- wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, tss->x86_tss.ss1, 0);
>+ wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, __KERNEL_CS, 0);
> wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP, (unsigned long)(cpu_entry_stack(cpu) + 1), 0);
> wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, (unsigned long)entry_SYSENTER_32, 0);
>
>diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
>index cc7a642f8c9d..cd2c483b91c1 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
>+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
>@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ __visible DEFINE_PER_CPU_PAGE_ALIGNED(struct tss_struct, cpu_tss_rw) = {
> .sp1 = TOP_OF_INIT_STACK,
>
> .ss0 = __KERNEL_DS,
>- .ss1 = __KERNEL_CS,
> #endif
> .io_bitmap_base = IO_BITMAP_OFFSET_INVALID,
> },
>@@ -713,6 +712,9 @@ void __switch_to_xtra(struct task_struct *prev_p, struct task_struct *next_p)
> /* Enforce MSR update to ensure consistent state */
> __speculation_ctrl_update(~tifn, tifn);
> }
>+
>+ if (unlikely((tifp ^ tifn) & _TIF_DISABLE_SYSENTER))
>+ refresh_sysenter_cs((tifn & _TIF_DISABLE_SYSENTER) != 0);
> }
>
> /*
>diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c
>index 708c87b88cc1..c609faa3e50e 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c
>+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c
>@@ -196,7 +196,6 @@ __switch_to(struct task_struct *prev_p, struct task_struct *next_p)
> * case prev or next is vm86.
> */
> update_task_stack(next_p);
>- refresh_sysenter_cs(next);
> this_cpu_write(pcpu_hot.top_of_stack,
> (unsigned long)task_stack_page(next_p) +
> THREAD_SIZE);
>diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
>index e9e803a4d44c..9d25793ba999 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
>+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
>@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ void save_v86_state(struct kernel_vm86_regs *regs, int retval)
> exit_vm86:
> preempt_disable();
> tsk->thread.sp0 = vm86->saved_sp0;
>- tsk->thread.sysenter_cs = __KERNEL_CS;
> update_task_stack(tsk);
>- refresh_sysenter_cs(&tsk->thread);
> vm86->saved_sp0 = 0;
>+ if (test_and_clear_thread_flag(TIF_DISABLE_SYSENTER))
>+ refresh_sysenter_cs(false);
> preempt_enable();
>
> memcpy(®s->pt, &vm86->regs32, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
>@@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ static long do_sys_vm86(struct vm86plus_struct __user *user_vm86, bool plus)
> tsk->thread.sp0 += 16;
>
> if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SEP)) {
>- tsk->thread.sysenter_cs = 0;
>- refresh_sysenter_cs(&tsk->thread);
>+ set_thread_flag(TIF_DISABLE_SYSENTER);
>+ refresh_sysenter_cs(true);
> }
>
> update_task_stack(tsk);
As much as I find the ss1 hack putrid, is this purely a cleanup or is there a stronger motivation for it? Could you clarify in the patch comment?
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