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Message-ID: <CAJD7tkZK2T2ebOPw6K0M+YWyKUtx9bE2uyFj4VOehhd+fYnk8w@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2023 17:36:45 -0700
From: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@...gle.com>
To: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>,
cgroups@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
Muchun Song <muchun.song@...ux.dev>,
Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@...gle.com>,
Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@...ux.dev>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] mm: memcg: use rstat for non-hierarchical stats
On Tue, Jul 25, 2023 at 5:29 PM Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@...gle.com> wrote:
>
> Currently, memcg uses rstat to maintain hierarchical stats. Counters are
> maintained for hierarchical stats at each memcg. Rstat tracks which
> cgroups have updates on which cpus to keep those counters fresh on the
> read-side.
>
> For non-hierarchical stats, we do not maintain counters. Instead, the
> percpu counters for a given stat need to be summed to get the
> non-hierarchical stat value. The original implementation did the same.
> At some point before rstat, non-hierarchical counters were introduced by
> commit a983b5ebee57 ("mm: memcontrol: fix excessive complexity in
> memory.stat reporting"). However, those counters were updated on the
> performance critical write-side, which caused regressions, so they were
> later removed by commit 815744d75152 ("mm: memcontrol: don't batch
> updates of local VM stats and events"). See [1] for more detailed
> history.
>
> Kernel versions in between a983b5ebee57 & 815744d75152 (a year and a
> half) enjoyed cheap reads of non-hierarchical stats, specifically on
> cgroup v1. When moving to more recent kernels, a performance regression
> for reading non-hierarchical stats is observed.
>
> Now that we have rstat, we know exactly which percpu counters have
> updates for each stat. We can maintain non-hierarchical counters again,
> making reads much more efficient, without affecting the performance
> critical write-side. Hence, add non-hierarchical (i.e local) counters
> for the stats, and extend rstat flushing to keep those up-to-date.
>
> A caveat is that we now a stats flush before reading
> local/non-hierarchical stats through {memcg/lruvec}_page_state_local()
> or memcg_events_local(), where we previously only needed a flush to
> read hierarchical stats. Most contexts reading non-hierarchical stats
> are already doing a flush, add a flush to the only missing context in
> count_shadow_nodes().
>
> With this patch, reading memory.stat from 1000 memcgs is 3x faster on a
> machine with 256 cpus on cgroup v1:
> # for i in $(seq 1000); do mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/cg$i; done
> # time cat /dev/cgroup/memory/cg*/memory.stat > /dev/null
> real 0m0.125s
> user 0m0.005s
> sys 0m0.120s
>
> After:
> real 0m0.032s
> user 0m0.005s
> sys 0m0.027s
>
> [1]https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230725201811.GA1231514@cmpxchg.org/
>
> Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@...gle.com>
> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
>
> ---
>
> v1 -> v2:
> - Rewrite the changelog based on the history context provided by
> Johannes (Thanks!).
> - Fix a subtle bug where updating a local counter would be missed if it
> was cancelled out by a pending update from child memcgs.
Johannes, I fixed a subtle bug here and I kept your Ack, I wasn't sure
what the Ack retention policy should be here. A quick look at the fix
would be great.
Thanks!
>
>
> ---
> include/linux/memcontrol.h | 7 ++--
> mm/memcontrol.c | 67 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
> mm/workingset.c | 1 +
> 3 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/memcontrol.h b/include/linux/memcontrol.h
> index 5818af8eca5a..a9f2861a57a5 100644
> --- a/include/linux/memcontrol.h
> +++ b/include/linux/memcontrol.h
> @@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ struct lruvec_stats {
> /* Aggregated (CPU and subtree) state */
> long state[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS];
>
> + /* Non-hierarchical (CPU aggregated) state */
> + long state_local[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS];
> +
> /* Pending child counts during tree propagation */
> long state_pending[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS];
> };
> @@ -1020,14 +1023,12 @@ static inline unsigned long lruvec_page_state_local(struct lruvec *lruvec,
> {
> struct mem_cgroup_per_node *pn;
> long x = 0;
> - int cpu;
>
> if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
> return node_page_state(lruvec_pgdat(lruvec), idx);
>
> pn = container_of(lruvec, struct mem_cgroup_per_node, lruvec);
> - for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> - x += per_cpu(pn->lruvec_stats_percpu->state[idx], cpu);
> + x = READ_ONCE(pn->lruvec_stats.state_local[idx]);
> #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> if (x < 0)
> x = 0;
> diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
> index e8ca4bdcb03c..50f8035e998a 100644
> --- a/mm/memcontrol.c
> +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
> @@ -742,6 +742,10 @@ struct memcg_vmstats {
> long state[MEMCG_NR_STAT];
> unsigned long events[NR_MEMCG_EVENTS];
>
> + /* Non-hierarchical (CPU aggregated) page state & events */
> + long state_local[MEMCG_NR_STAT];
> + unsigned long events_local[NR_MEMCG_EVENTS];
> +
> /* Pending child counts during tree propagation */
> long state_pending[MEMCG_NR_STAT];
> unsigned long events_pending[NR_MEMCG_EVENTS];
> @@ -775,11 +779,8 @@ void __mod_memcg_state(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int idx, int val)
> /* idx can be of type enum memcg_stat_item or node_stat_item. */
> static unsigned long memcg_page_state_local(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int idx)
> {
> - long x = 0;
> - int cpu;
> + long x = READ_ONCE(memcg->vmstats->state_local[idx]);
>
> - for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> - x += per_cpu(memcg->vmstats_percpu->state[idx], cpu);
> #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> if (x < 0)
> x = 0;
> @@ -926,16 +927,12 @@ static unsigned long memcg_events(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int event)
>
> static unsigned long memcg_events_local(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int event)
> {
> - long x = 0;
> - int cpu;
> int index = memcg_events_index(event);
>
> if (index < 0)
> return 0;
>
> - for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> - x += per_cpu(memcg->vmstats_percpu->events[index], cpu);
> - return x;
> + return READ_ONCE(memcg->vmstats->events_local[index]);
> }
>
> static void mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
> @@ -5526,7 +5523,7 @@ static void mem_cgroup_css_rstat_flush(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, int cpu)
> struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_css(css);
> struct mem_cgroup *parent = parent_mem_cgroup(memcg);
> struct memcg_vmstats_percpu *statc;
> - long delta, v;
> + long delta, delta_cpu, v;
> int i, nid;
>
> statc = per_cpu_ptr(memcg->vmstats_percpu, cpu);
> @@ -5542,19 +5539,23 @@ static void mem_cgroup_css_rstat_flush(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, int cpu)
> memcg->vmstats->state_pending[i] = 0;
>
> /* Add CPU changes on this level since the last flush */
> + delta_cpu = 0;
> v = READ_ONCE(statc->state[i]);
> if (v != statc->state_prev[i]) {
> - delta += v - statc->state_prev[i];
> + delta_cpu = v - statc->state_prev[i];
> + delta += delta_cpu;
> statc->state_prev[i] = v;
> }
>
> - if (!delta)
> - continue;
> -
> /* Aggregate counts on this level and propagate upwards */
> - memcg->vmstats->state[i] += delta;
> - if (parent)
> - parent->vmstats->state_pending[i] += delta;
> + if (delta_cpu)
> + memcg->vmstats->state_local[i] += delta_cpu;
> +
> + if (delta) {
> + memcg->vmstats->state[i] += delta;
> + if (parent)
> + parent->vmstats->state_pending[i] += delta;
> + }
> }
>
> for (i = 0; i < NR_MEMCG_EVENTS; i++) {
> @@ -5562,18 +5563,22 @@ static void mem_cgroup_css_rstat_flush(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, int cpu)
> if (delta)
> memcg->vmstats->events_pending[i] = 0;
>
> + delta_cpu = 0;
> v = READ_ONCE(statc->events[i]);
> if (v != statc->events_prev[i]) {
> - delta += v - statc->events_prev[i];
> + delta_cpu = v - statc->events_prev[i];
> + delta += delta_cpu;
> statc->events_prev[i] = v;
> }
>
> - if (!delta)
> - continue;
> + if (delta_cpu)
> + memcg->vmstats->events_local[i] += delta_cpu;
>
> - memcg->vmstats->events[i] += delta;
> - if (parent)
> - parent->vmstats->events_pending[i] += delta;
> + if (delta) {
> + memcg->vmstats->events[i] += delta;
> + if (parent)
> + parent->vmstats->events_pending[i] += delta;
> + }
> }
>
> for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) {
> @@ -5591,18 +5596,22 @@ static void mem_cgroup_css_rstat_flush(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, int cpu)
> if (delta)
> pn->lruvec_stats.state_pending[i] = 0;
>
> + delta_cpu = 0;
> v = READ_ONCE(lstatc->state[i]);
> if (v != lstatc->state_prev[i]) {
> - delta += v - lstatc->state_prev[i];
> + delta_cpu = v - lstatc->state_prev[i];
> + delta += delta_cpu;
> lstatc->state_prev[i] = v;
> }
>
> - if (!delta)
> - continue;
> + if (delta_cpu)
> + pn->lruvec_stats.state_local[i] += delta_cpu;
>
> - pn->lruvec_stats.state[i] += delta;
> - if (ppn)
> - ppn->lruvec_stats.state_pending[i] += delta;
> + if (delta) {
> + pn->lruvec_stats.state[i] += delta;
> + if (ppn)
> + ppn->lruvec_stats.state_pending[i] += delta;
> + }
> }
> }
> }
> diff --git a/mm/workingset.c b/mm/workingset.c
> index 4686ae363000..da58a26d0d4d 100644
> --- a/mm/workingset.c
> +++ b/mm/workingset.c
> @@ -664,6 +664,7 @@ static unsigned long count_shadow_nodes(struct shrinker *shrinker,
> struct lruvec *lruvec;
> int i;
>
> + mem_cgroup_flush_stats();
> lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(sc->memcg, NODE_DATA(sc->nid));
> for (pages = 0, i = 0; i < NR_LRU_LISTS; i++)
> pages += lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec,
> --
> 2.41.0.487.g6d72f3e995-goog
>
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