Message-ID: <20231012132131.300014-1-benno.lossin@proton.me>
Date:   Thu, 12 Oct 2023 13:21:46 +0000
From:   Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@...ton.me>
To:     Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@...nel.org>,
        Wedson Almeida Filho <wedsonaf@...il.com>,
        Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@...il.com>
Cc:     Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>, Gary Guo <gary@...yguo.net>,
        Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh@...tonmail.com>,
        Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@...ton.me>,
        Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@...gle.com>,
        Andreas Hindborg <nmi@...aspace.dk>,
        rust-for-linux@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH] rust: macros: improve `#[vtable]` documentation

Traits marked with `#[vtable]` need to provide default implementations
for optional functions. The C side represents these with `NULL` in the
vtable, so the default functions are never actually called. We do not
want to replicate the default behavior from C in Rust, because that is
not maintainable. Therefore we should use `build_error` in those default
implementations. The error message for that is provided at
`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`.

Signed-off-by: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@...ton.me>
---
 rust/kernel/error.rs |  4 ++++
 rust/macros/lib.rs   | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/kernel/error.rs b/rust/kernel/error.rs
index 05fcab6abfe6..1373cde025ef 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/error.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/error.rs
@@ -335,3 +335,7 @@ pub(crate) fn from_result<T, F>(f: F) -> T
         Err(e) => T::from(e.to_errno() as i16),
     }
 }
+
+/// Error message for calling a default function of a [`#[vtable]`](macros::vtable) trait.
+pub const VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR: &str =
+    "This function must not be called, see the #[vtable] documentation.";
diff --git a/rust/macros/lib.rs b/rust/macros/lib.rs
index c42105c2ff96..dab9a1080b82 100644
--- a/rust/macros/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/macros/lib.rs
@@ -87,27 +87,41 @@ pub fn module(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 /// implementation could just return `Error::EINVAL`); Linux typically use C
 /// `NULL` pointers to represent these functions.
 ///
-/// This attribute is intended to close the gap. Traits can be declared and
-/// implemented with the `#[vtable]` attribute, and a `HAS_*` associated constant
-/// will be generated for each method in the trait, indicating if the implementor
-/// has overridden a method.
+/// This attribute closes that gap. A trait can be annotated with the `#[vtable]` attribute.
+/// Implementers of the trait will then also have to annotate the trait with `#[vtable]`. This
+/// attribute generates a `HAS_*` associated constant bool for each method in the trait that is set
+/// to true if the implementer has overridden the associated method.
+///
+/// If you want to make a function optional, you must provide a default implementation. But this
+/// default implementation will never be executed, since these functions are exclusively called
+/// from callbacks from the C side. This is because the vtable will have a `NULL` entry and the C
+/// side will execute the default behavior. Since it is not maintainable to replicate the default
+/// behavior in Rust, you should use the following code:
+///
+/// ```compile_fail
+/// # use kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR;
+/// kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
+/// ```
+///
+/// note that you might need to import [`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`].
 ///
-/// This attribute is not needed if all methods are required.
+/// This macro should not be used when all function are required.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```ignore
+/// # use kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR;
 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
 ///
 /// // Declares a `#[vtable]` trait
 /// #[vtable]
-/// pub trait Operations: Send + Sync + Sized {
+/// pub trait Operations {
 ///     fn foo(&self) -> Result<()> {
-///         Err(EINVAL)
+///         kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
 ///     }
 ///
 ///     fn bar(&self) -> Result<()> {
-///         Err(EINVAL)
+///         kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
@@ -125,6 +139,8 @@ pub fn module(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 /// assert_eq!(<Foo as Operations>::HAS_FOO, true);
 /// assert_eq!(<Foo as Operations>::HAS_BAR, false);
 /// ```
+///
+/// [`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`]: ../kernel/error/constant.VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR.html
 #[proc_macro_attribute]
 pub fn vtable(attr: TokenStream, ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     vtable::vtable(attr, ts)

base-commit: b2516f7af9d238ebc391bdbdae01ac9528f1109e
-- 
2.41.0

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