linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] kexec: allocate kernel above bzImage's pref

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Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2023 11:31:38 -0800
From: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
To: Chris Koch <chrisko@...gle.com>, Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>, linux-doc@...r.kernel.org,
        x86@...nel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
CC: Cloud Hsu <cloudhsu@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] kexec: allocate kernel above bzImage's pref_address

On December 15, 2023 11:05:21 AM PST, Chris Koch <chrisko@...gle.com> wrote:
>A relocatable kernel will relocate itself to pref_address if it is
>loaded below pref_address. This means a booted kernel may be relocating
>itself to an area with reserved memory on modern systems, potentially
>clobbering arbitrary data that may be important to the system.
>
>This is often the case, as the default value of PHYSICAL_START is
>0x1000000 and kernels are typically loaded at 0x100000 or above by
>bootloaders like iPXE or kexec. GRUB behaves like this patch does.
>
>Also fixes the documentation around pref_address and PHYSICAL_START to
>be accurate.
>
>Co-developed-by: Cloud Hsu <cloudhsu@...gle.com>
>Signed-off-by: Cloud Hsu <cloudhsu@...gle.com>
>Signed-off-by: Chris Koch <chrisko@...gle.com>
>---
> Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst   |  3 ++-
> arch/x86/Kconfig                  | 10 +++++-----
> arch/x86/kernel/kexec-bzimage64.c |  5 ++++-
> 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
>
>diff --git a/Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst b/Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst
>index 22cc7a040dae..49bea8986620 100644
>--- a/Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst
>+++ b/Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst
>@@ -878,7 +878,8 @@ Protocol:	2.10+
>   address if possible.
> 
>   A non-relocatable kernel will unconditionally move itself and to run
>-  at this address.
>+  at this address. A relocatable kernel will move itself to this address if it
>+  loaded below this address.
> 
> ============	=======
> Field name:	init_size
>diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
>index 3762f41bb092..1370f43328d7 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
>+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
>@@ -2109,11 +2109,11 @@ config PHYSICAL_START
> 	help
> 	  This gives the physical address where the kernel is loaded.
> 
>-	  If kernel is a not relocatable (CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=n) then
>-	  bzImage will decompress itself to above physical address and
>-	  run from there. Otherwise, bzImage will run from the address where
>-	  it has been loaded by the boot loader and will ignore above physical
>-	  address.
>+	  If the kernel is not relocatable (CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=n) then bzImage
>+	  will decompress itself to above physical address and run from there.
>+	  Otherwise, bzImage will run from the address where it has been loaded
>+	  by the boot loader. The only exception is if it is loaded below the
>+	  above physical address, in which case it will relocate itself there.
> 
> 	  In normal kdump cases one does not have to set/change this option
> 	  as now bzImage can be compiled as a completely relocatable image
>diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/kexec-bzimage64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/kexec-bzimage64.c
>index a61c12c01270..5dcd232d58bf 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/kernel/kexec-bzimage64.c
>+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/kexec-bzimage64.c
>@@ -498,7 +498,10 @@ static void *bzImage64_load(struct kimage *image, char *kernel,
> 	kbuf.bufsz =  kernel_len - kern16_size;
> 	kbuf.memsz = PAGE_ALIGN(header->init_size);
> 	kbuf.buf_align = header->kernel_alignment;
>-	kbuf.buf_min = MIN_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR;
>+	if (header->pref_address < MIN_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR)
>+		kbuf.buf_min = MIN_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR;
>+	else
>+		kbuf.buf_min = header->pref_address;
> 	kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
> 	ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
> 	if (ret)

Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@...or.com>