linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v2 3/3] x86/kprobes: Boost more instructions from grp2/3/4/5

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Date: Sun, 4 Feb 2024 22:39:32 -0600
From: Jinghao Jia <jinghao7@...inois.edu>
To: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@...nel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>, x86@...nel.org,
        "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>, Xin Li <xin@...or.com>,
        linux-trace-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 3/3] x86/kprobes: Boost more instructions from
 grp2/3/4/5

On 2/4/24 06:09, Masami Hiramatsu (Google) wrote:
> On Sat,  3 Feb 2024 21:13:00 -0600
> Jinghao Jia <jinghao7@...inois.edu> wrote:
> 
>> With the instruction decoder, we are now able to decode and recognize
>> instructions with opcode extensions. There are more instructions in
>> these groups that can be boosted:
>>
>> Group 2: ROL, ROR, RCL, RCR, SHL/SAL, SHR, SAR
>> Group 3: TEST, NOT, NEG, MUL, IMUL, DIV, IDIV
>> Group 4: INC, DEC (byte operation)
>> Group 5: INC, DEC (word/doubleword/quadword operation)
>>
>> These instructions are not boosted previously because there are reserved
>> opcodes within the groups, e.g., group 2 with ModR/M.nnn == 110 is
>> unmapped. As a result, kprobes attached to them requires two int3 traps
>> as being non-boostable also prevents jump-optimization.
>>
>> Some simple tests on QEMU show that after boosting and jump-optimization
>> a single kprobe on these instructions with an empty pre-handler runs 10x
>> faster (~1000 cycles vs. ~100 cycles).
>>
>> Since these instructions are mostly ALU operations and do not touch
>> special registers like RIP, let's boost them so that we get the
>> performance benefit.
>>
> 
> This looks good to me. And can you check how many instructions in the
> vmlinux will be covered by this change typically?
> 

I collected the stats from the LLVM CodeGen backend on kernel version 6.7.3
using Gentoo's dist-kernel config (with a mod2yesconfig to make modules
builtin) and here are the number of Grp 2/3/4/5 instructions that are newly
covered by this patch:

Kernel total # of insns:    28552017    (from objdump)
Grp2 insns:                 286249      (from LLVM)
Grp3 insns:                 286556      (from LLVM)
Grp4 insns:                 5832        (from LLVM)
Grp5 insns:                 146314      (from LLVM)

Note that using LLVM means we miss the stats from inline assembly and
assembly source files.

--Jinghao

> Thank you,
> 
>> Signed-off-by: Jinghao Jia <jinghao7@...inois.edu>
>> ---
>>  arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c | 23 +++++++++++++++++------
>>  1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c
>> index 7a08d6a486c8..530f6d4b34f4 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c
>> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c
>> @@ -169,22 +169,33 @@ bool can_boost(struct insn *insn, void *addr)
>>  	case 0x62:		/* bound */
>>  	case 0x70 ... 0x7f:	/* Conditional jumps */
>>  	case 0x9a:		/* Call far */
>> -	case 0xc0 ... 0xc1:	/* Grp2 */
>>  	case 0xcc ... 0xce:	/* software exceptions */
>> -	case 0xd0 ... 0xd3:	/* Grp2 */
>>  	case 0xd6:		/* (UD) */
>>  	case 0xd8 ... 0xdf:	/* ESC */
>>  	case 0xe0 ... 0xe3:	/* LOOP*, JCXZ */
>>  	case 0xe8 ... 0xe9:	/* near Call, JMP */
>>  	case 0xeb:		/* Short JMP */
>>  	case 0xf0 ... 0xf4:	/* LOCK/REP, HLT */
>> -	case 0xf6 ... 0xf7:	/* Grp3 */
>> -	case 0xfe:		/* Grp4 */
>>  		/* ... are not boostable */
>>  		return false;
>> +	case 0xc0 ... 0xc1:	/* Grp2 */
>> +	case 0xd0 ... 0xd3:	/* Grp2 */
>> +		/*
>> +		 * AMD uses nnn == 110 as SHL/SAL, but Intel makes it reserved.
>> +		 */
>> +		return X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) != 0b110;
>> +	case 0xf6 ... 0xf7:	/* Grp3 */
>> +		/* AMD uses nnn == 001 as TEST, but Intel makes it reserved. */
>> +		return X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) != 0b001;
>> +	case 0xfe:		/* Grp4 */
>> +		/* Only INC and DEC are boostable */
>> +		return X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 0b000 ||
>> +		       X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 0b001;
>>  	case 0xff:		/* Grp5 */
>> -		/* Only indirect jmp is boostable */
>> -		return X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 4;
>> +		/* Only INC, DEC, and indirect JMP are boostable */
>> +		return X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 0b000 ||
>> +		       X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 0b001 ||
>> +		       X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.bytes[0]) == 0b100;
>>  	default:
>>  		return true;
>>  	}
>> -- 
>> 2.43.0
>>
> 
> 


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