linux-kernel - [PATCH V2 08/19] x86/vdso: Make delta calculation overflow safe

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Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 08:40:12 +0200
From: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@...el.com>
To: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@...erman.id.au>,
	Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@...il.com>,
	Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@...roup.eu>,
	"Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@...nel.org>,
	"Naveen N. Rao" <naveen.n.rao@...ux.ibm.com>,
	Heiko Carstens <hca@...ux.ibm.com>,
	Vasily Gorbik <gor@...ux.ibm.com>,
	Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@...ux.ibm.com>,
	Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@...ux.ibm.com>,
	Sven Schnelle <svens@...ux.ibm.com>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
	Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
	Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
	x86@...nel.org,
	"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
	Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
	Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@....com>,
	John Stultz <jstultz@...gle.com>,
	Stephen Boyd <sboyd@...nel.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
	Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@...radead.org>,
	Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@...gle.com>,
	Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
	Anna-Maria Behnsen <anna-maria@...utronix.de>,
	linuxppc-dev@...ts.ozlabs.org,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	linux-s390@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH V2 08/19] x86/vdso: Make delta calculation overflow safe

Kernel timekeeping is designed to keep the change in cycles (since the last
timer interrupt) below max_cycles, which prevents multiplication overflow
when converting cycles to nanoseconds. However, if timer interrupts stop,
the calculation will eventually overflow.

Add protection against that. Select GENERIC_VDSO_OVERFLOW_PROTECT so that
max_cycles is made available in the VDSO data page. Check against
max_cycles, falling back to a slower higher precision calculation. Take
advantage of the opportunity to move masking and negative motion check
into the slow path.

The result is a calculation that has similar performance as before. Newer
machines showed performance benefit, whereas older Skylake-based hardware
such as Intel Kaby Lake was seen <1% worse.

Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@...el.com>
---
 arch/x86/Kconfig                         |  1 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/vdso/gettimeofday.h | 29 +++++++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index 03483b23a009..3a70ebb558e7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ config X86
 	select GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL
 	select GENERIC_GETTIMEOFDAY
 	select GENERIC_VDSO_TIME_NS
+	select GENERIC_VDSO_OVERFLOW_PROTECT
 	select GUP_GET_PXX_LOW_HIGH		if X86_PAE
 	select HARDIRQS_SW_RESEND
 	select HARDLOCKUP_CHECK_TIMESTAMP	if X86_64
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/vdso/gettimeofday.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/vdso/gettimeofday.h
index 5727dedd3549..0ef36190abe6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/vdso/gettimeofday.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/vdso/gettimeofday.h
@@ -319,18 +319,31 @@ static inline bool arch_vdso_cycles_ok(u64 cycles)
  */
 static __always_inline u64 vdso_calc_ns(const struct vdso_data *vd, u64 cycles, u64 base)
 {
+	u64 delta = cycles - vd->cycle_last;
+
 	/*
+	 * Negative motion and deltas which can cause multiplication
+	 * overflow require special treatment. This check covers both as
+	 * negative motion is guaranteed to be greater than @vd::max_cycles
+	 * due to unsigned comparison.
+	 *
 	 * Due to the MSB/Sign-bit being used as invalid marker (see
-	 * arch_vdso_cycles_valid() above), the effective mask is S64_MAX.
+	 * arch_vdso_cycles_valid() above), the effective mask is S64_MAX,
+	 * but that case is also unlikely and will also take the unlikely path
+	 * here.
 	 */
-	u64 delta = (cycles - vd->cycle_last) & S64_MAX;
+	if (unlikely(delta > vd->max_cycles)) {
+		/*
+		 * Due to the above mentioned TSC wobbles, filter out
+		 * negative motion.  Per the above masking, the effective
+		 * sign bit is now bit 62.
+		 */
+		if (delta & (1ULL << 62))
+			return base >> vd->shift;
 
-	/*
-	 * Due to the above mentioned TSC wobbles, filter out negative motion.
-	 * Per the above masking, the effective sign bit is now bit 62.
-	 */
-	if (unlikely(delta & (1ULL << 62)))
-		return base >> vd->shift;
+		/* Handle multiplication overflow gracefully */
+		return mul_u64_u32_add_u64_shr(delta & S64_MAX, vd->mult, base, vd->shift);
+	}
 
 	return ((delta * vd->mult) + base) >> vd->shift;
 }
-- 
2.34.1