Date: Mon, 6 May 2024 15:14:05 +0000
From: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@...look.com>
To: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@...look.com>, "robin.murphy@....com"
	<robin.murphy@....com>, "joro@...tes.org" <joro@...tes.org>,
	"will@...nel.org" <will@...nel.org>, "jgross@...e.com" <jgross@...e.com>,
	"sstabellini@...nel.org" <sstabellini@...nel.org>,
	"oleksandr_tyshchenko@...m.com" <oleksandr_tyshchenko@...m.com>, "hch@....de"
	<hch@....de>, "m.szyprowski@...sung.com" <m.szyprowski@...sung.com>,
	"iommu@...ts.linux.dev" <iommu@...ts.linux.dev>,
	"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	"xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org" <xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org>
CC: "petr@...arici.cz" <petr@...arici.cz>, "roberto.sassu@...weicloud.com"
	<roberto.sassu@...weicloud.com>
Subject: RE: [PATCH 1/2] swiotlb: Remove alloc_size argument to
 swiotlb_tbl_map_single()

From: mhkelley58@...il.com <mhkelley58@...il.com>
> 

Gentle ping ...

Anyone interested in reviewing this series of two patches?  It fixes
an edge case bug in the size of the swiotlb request coming from
dma-iommu, and plugs a hole that allows untrusted devices to see
kernel data unrelated to the intended DMA transfer.  I think these are
the last "known bugs" that came out of the extensive swiotlb discussion
and patches for 6.9.

Michael

> Currently swiotlb_tbl_map_single() takes alloc_align_mask and
> alloc_size arguments to specify an swiotlb allocation that is
> larger than mapping_size. This larger allocation is used solely
> by iommu_dma_map_single() to handle untrusted devices that should
> not have DMA visibility to memory pages that are partially used
> for unrelated kernel data.
> 
> Having two arguments to specify the allocation is redundant. While
> alloc_align_mask naturally specifies the alignment of the starting
> address of the allocation, it can also implicitly specify the size
> by rounding up the mapping_size to that alignment.
> 
> Additionally, the current approach has an edge case bug.
> iommu_dma_map_page() already does the rounding up to compute the
> alloc_size argument. But swiotlb_tbl_map_single() then calculates
> the alignment offset based on the DMA min_align_mask, and adds
> that offset to alloc_size. If the offset is non-zero, the addition
> may result in a value that is larger than the max the swiotlb can
> allocate. If the rounding up is done _after_ the alignment offset is
> added to the mapping_size (and the original mapping_size conforms to
> the value returned by swiotlb_max_mapping_size), then the max that the
> swiotlb can allocate will not be exceeded.
> 
> In view of these issues, simplify the swiotlb_tbl_map_single() interface
> by removing the alloc_size argument. Most call sites pass the same
> value for mapping_size and alloc_size, and they pass alloc_align_mask
> as zero. Just remove the redundant argument from these callers, as they
> will see no functional change. For iommu_dma_map_page() also remove
> the alloc_size argument, and have swiotlb_tbl_map_single() compute
> the alloc_size by rounding up mapping_size after adding the offset
> based on min_align_mask. This has the side effect of fixing the
> edge case bug but with no other functional change.
> 
> Also add a sanity test on the alloc_align_mask. While IOMMU code
> currently ensures the granule is not larger than PAGE_SIZE, if
> that guarantee were to be removed in the future, the downstream
> effect on the swiotlb might go unnoticed until strange allocation
> failures occurred.
> 
> Tested on an ARM64 system with 16K page size and some kernel
> test-only hackery to allow modifying the DMA min_align_mask and
> the granule size that becomes the alloc_align_mask. Tested these
> combinations with a variety of original memory addresses and
> sizes, including those that reproduce the edge case bug:
> 
> * 4K granule and 0 min_align_mask
> * 4K granule and 0xFFF min_align_mask (4K - 1)
> * 16K granule and 0xFFF min_align_mask
> * 64K granule and 0xFFF min_align_mask
> * 64K granule and 0x3FFF min_align_mask (16K - 1)
> 
> With the changes, all combinations pass.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@...look.com>
> ---
> I've haven't used any "Fixes:" tags. This patch really should be
> backported only if all the other recent swiotlb fixes get backported,
> and I'm unclear on whether that will happen.
> 
> I saw the brief discussion about removing the "dir" parameter from
> swiotlb_tbl_map_single(). That removal could easily be done as part
> of this patch, since it's already changing the swiotlb_tbl_map_single()
> parameters. But I think the conclusion of the discussion was to leave
> the "dir" parameter for symmetry with the swiotlb_sync_*() functions.
> Please correct me if that's wrong, and I'll respin this patch to do
> the removal.
> 
>  drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c |  2 +-
>  drivers/xen/swiotlb-xen.c |  2 +-
>  include/linux/swiotlb.h   |  2 +-
>  kernel/dma/swiotlb.c      | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
>  4 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c b/drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c
> index 07d087eecc17..c21ef1388499 100644
> --- a/drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c
> +++ b/drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c
> @@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ static dma_addr_t iommu_dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page,
>  		trace_swiotlb_bounced(dev, phys, size);
> 
>  		aligned_size = iova_align(iovad, size);
> -		phys = swiotlb_tbl_map_single(dev, phys, size, aligned_size,
> +		phys = swiotlb_tbl_map_single(dev, phys, size,
>  					      iova_mask(iovad), dir, attrs);
> 
>  		if (phys == DMA_MAPPING_ERROR)
> diff --git a/drivers/xen/swiotlb-xen.c b/drivers/xen/swiotlb-xen.c
> index 1c4ef5111651..6579ae3f6dac 100644
> --- a/drivers/xen/swiotlb-xen.c
> +++ b/drivers/xen/swiotlb-xen.c
> @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ static dma_addr_t xen_swiotlb_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page,
>  	 */
>  	trace_swiotlb_bounced(dev, dev_addr, size);
> 
> -	map = swiotlb_tbl_map_single(dev, phys, size, size, 0, dir, attrs);
> +	map = swiotlb_tbl_map_single(dev, phys, size, 0, dir, attrs);
>  	if (map == (phys_addr_t)DMA_MAPPING_ERROR)
>  		return DMA_MAPPING_ERROR;
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/swiotlb.h b/include/linux/swiotlb.h
> index ea23097e351f..14bc10c1bb23 100644
> --- a/include/linux/swiotlb.h
> +++ b/include/linux/swiotlb.h
> @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ int swiotlb_init_late(size_t size, gfp_t gfp_mask,
>  extern void __init swiotlb_update_mem_attributes(void);
> 
>  phys_addr_t swiotlb_tbl_map_single(struct device *hwdev, phys_addr_t phys,
> -		size_t mapping_size, size_t alloc_size,
> +		size_t mapping_size,
>  		unsigned int alloc_aligned_mask, enum dma_data_direction dir,
>  		unsigned long attrs);
> 
> diff --git a/kernel/dma/swiotlb.c b/kernel/dma/swiotlb.c
> index a5e0dfc44d24..046da973a7e2 100644
> --- a/kernel/dma/swiotlb.c
> +++ b/kernel/dma/swiotlb.c
> @@ -1340,15 +1340,40 @@ static unsigned long mem_used(struct io_tlb_mem
> *mem)
> 
>  #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS */
> 
> +/**
> + * swiotlb_tbl_map_single() - bounce buffer map a single contiguous physical area
> + * @dev:		Device which maps the buffer.
> + * @orig_addr:		Original (non-bounced) physical IO buffer address
> + * @mapping_size:	Requested size of the actual bounce buffer, excluding
> + *			any pre- or post-padding for alignment
> + * @alloc_align_mask:	Required start and end alignment of the allocated buffer
> + * @dir:		DMA direction
> + * @attrs:		Optional DMA attributes for the map operation
> + *
> + * Find and allocate a suitable sequence of IO TLB slots for the request.
> + * The allocated space starts at an alignment specified by alloc_align_mask,
> + * and the size of the allocated space is rounded up so that the total amount
> + * of allocated space is a multiple of (alloc_align_mask + 1). If
> + * alloc_align_mask is zero, the allocated space may be at any alignment and
> + * the size is not rounded up.
> + *
> + * The returned address is within the allocated space and matches the bits
> + * of orig_addr that are specified in the DMA min_align_mask for the device. As
> + * such, this returned address may be offset from the beginning of the allocated
> + * space. The bounce buffer space starting at the returned address for
> + * mapping_size bytes is initialized to the contents of the original IO buffer
> + * area. Any pre-padding (due to an offset) and any post-padding (due to
> + * rounding-up the size) is not initialized.
> + */
>  phys_addr_t swiotlb_tbl_map_single(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t orig_addr,
> -		size_t mapping_size, size_t alloc_size,
> -		unsigned int alloc_align_mask, enum dma_data_direction dir,
> -		unsigned long attrs)
> +		size_t mapping_size, unsigned int alloc_align_mask,
> +		enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs)
>  {
>  	struct io_tlb_mem *mem = dev->dma_io_tlb_mem;
>  	unsigned int offset;
>  	struct io_tlb_pool *pool;
>  	unsigned int i;
> +	size_t size;
>  	int index;
>  	phys_addr_t tlb_addr;
>  	unsigned short pad_slots;
> @@ -1362,20 +1387,24 @@ phys_addr_t swiotlb_tbl_map_single(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t orig_addr,
>  	if (cc_platform_has(CC_ATTR_MEM_ENCRYPT))
>  		pr_warn_once("Memory encryption is active and system is using DMA bounce buffers\n");
> 
> -	if (mapping_size > alloc_size) {
> -		dev_warn_once(dev, "Invalid sizes (mapping: %zd bytes, alloc: %zd bytes)",
> -			      mapping_size, alloc_size);
> -		return (phys_addr_t)DMA_MAPPING_ERROR;
> -	}
> +	/*
> +	 * The default swiotlb memory pool is allocated with PAGE_SIZE
> +	 * alignment. If a mapping is requested with larger alignment,
> +	 * the mapping may be unable to use the initial slot(s) in all
> +	 * sets of IO_TLB_SEGSIZE slots. In such case, a mapping request
> +	 * of or near the maximum mapping size would always fail.
> +	 */
> +	dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, alloc_align_mask > ~PAGE_MASK,
> +		"Alloc alignment may prevent fulfilling requests with max mapping_size\n");
> 
>  	offset = swiotlb_align_offset(dev, alloc_align_mask, orig_addr);
> -	index = swiotlb_find_slots(dev, orig_addr,
> -				   alloc_size + offset, alloc_align_mask, &pool);
> +	size = ALIGN(mapping_size + offset, alloc_align_mask + 1);
> +	index = swiotlb_find_slots(dev, orig_addr, size, alloc_align_mask, &pool);
>  	if (index == -1) {
>  		if (!(attrs & DMA_ATTR_NO_WARN))
>  			dev_warn_ratelimited(dev,
>  	"swiotlb buffer is full (sz: %zd bytes), total %lu (slots), used %lu (slots)\n",
> -				 alloc_size, mem->nslabs, mem_used(mem));
> +				 size, mem->nslabs, mem_used(mem));
>  		return (phys_addr_t)DMA_MAPPING_ERROR;
>  	}
> 
> @@ -1388,7 +1417,7 @@ phys_addr_t swiotlb_tbl_map_single(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t orig_addr,
>  	offset &= (IO_TLB_SIZE - 1);
>  	index += pad_slots;
>  	pool->slots[index].pad_slots = pad_slots;
> -	for (i = 0; i < nr_slots(alloc_size + offset); i++)
> +	for (i = 0; i < (nr_slots(size) - pad_slots); i++)
>  		pool->slots[index + i].orig_addr = slot_addr(orig_addr, i);
>  	tlb_addr = slot_addr(pool->start, index) + offset;
>  	/*
> @@ -1543,8 +1572,7 @@ dma_addr_t swiotlb_map(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t paddr, size_t size,
> 
>  	trace_swiotlb_bounced(dev, phys_to_dma(dev, paddr), size);
> 
> -	swiotlb_addr = swiotlb_tbl_map_single(dev, paddr, size, size, 0, dir,
> -			attrs);
> +	swiotlb_addr = swiotlb_tbl_map_single(dev, paddr, size, 0, dir, attrs);
>  	if (swiotlb_addr == (phys_addr_t)DMA_MAPPING_ERROR)
>  		return DMA_MAPPING_ERROR;
> 
> --
> 2.25.1
> 

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