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Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2024 05:27:09 +0000
From: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@...gle.com>
To: Yu-Ting Tseng <yutingtseng@...gle.com>
Cc: tkjos@...gle.com, kernel-team@...roid.com, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1] binder: frozen notification
On Tue, Jun 18, 2024 at 03:19:08PM -0700, Yu-Ting Tseng wrote:
> Frozen processes present a significant challenge in binder transactions.
> When a process is frozen, it cannot, by design, accept and/or respond to
> binder transactions. As a result, the sender needs to adjust its
> behavior, such as postponing transactions until the peer process
> unfreezes. However, there is currently no way to subscribe to these
> state change events, making it impossible to implement frozen-aware
> behaviors efficiently.
>
> Introduce a binder API for subscribing to frozen state change events.
> This allows programs to react to changes in peer process state,
> mitigating issues related to binder transactions sent to frozen
> processes.
>
> Implementation details:
> For a given binder_ref, the staet of frozen notification can be one of
nit: typo in "state"
> the followings:
> 1. Userspace doesn't want a notification. binder_ref->freeze is null.
> 2. Userspace wants a notification but none is in flight.
> list_empty(&binder_ref->freeze->work.entry) = true
> 3. A notification is in flight and waiting to be read by userspace.
> binder_ref_freeze.sent is false.
> 4. A notification was read by userspace and kernel is waiting for an ack.
> binder_ref_freeze.sent is true.
>
> When a notification is in flight, new state change events are coalesced into
> the existing binder_ref_freeze struct. If userspace hasn't picked up the
> notification yet, the driver simply rewrites the state. Otherwise, the
> notification is flagged as requiring a resend, which will be performed
> once userspace acks the original notification that's inflight.
>
> Signed-off-by: Yu-Ting Tseng <yutingtseng@...gle.com>
> ---
> drivers/android/binder.c | 321 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
> drivers/android/binder_internal.h | 21 +-
> include/uapi/linux/android/binder.h | 34 +++
> 3 files changed, 372 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/android/binder.c b/drivers/android/binder.c
> index b21a7b246a0d..f237ff51b42f 100644
> --- a/drivers/android/binder.c
> +++ b/drivers/android/binder.c
> @@ -3763,6 +3763,202 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
> }
> }
>
> +static int
> +binder_handle_bc_request_freeze_notification(struct binder_proc *proc,
> + struct binder_thread *thread,
> + void __user **ptr)
> +{
> + struct binder_handle_cookie handle_cookie;
> + struct binder_ref_freeze *freeze = NULL;
nit: freeze doesn't require initialization here.
> + struct binder_ref *ref;
> +
> + if (copy_from_user(&handle_cookie, *ptr, sizeof(handle_cookie)))
> + return -EFAULT;
> + *ptr += sizeof(handle_cookie);
It might be cleaner to factor out this copy_form_user() part and then
pass a 'handle_cookie' to this function instead of the double pointer.
Similar with the other functions.
> +
> + /*
> + * Allocate memory for freeze notification
> + * before taking lock
> + */
> + freeze = kzalloc(sizeof(*freeze), GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!freeze) {
> + WARN_ON(thread->return_error.cmd !=
> + BR_OK);
I believe we want to avoid WARNs in general. A kernel could have a
panic_on_warn set and that would be bad. So just handle the error and
move on if possible. I believe this was carried over from death
notification but still it would be better to skip this. Also please
remove the WARNs from other parts of this patch.
> + thread->return_error.cmd = BR_ERROR;
> + binder_enqueue_thread_work(thread, &thread->return_error.work);
> + binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_FAILED_TRANSACTION,
> + "%d:%d BC_REQUEST_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION failed\n",
> + proc->pid, thread->pid);
> + return 0;
Shouldn't this return -ENOMEM or something? Same with other errors here
and in the other new functions.
> + }
> + freeze->sent = false;
> + freeze->resend = false;
> +
> + binder_proc_lock(proc);
> + ref = binder_get_ref_olocked(proc, handle_cookie.handle, false);
> + if (!ref) {
> + binder_user_error("%d:%d %s invalid ref %d\n",
> + proc->pid, thread->pid,
> + "BC_REQUEST_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION",
This "BC_REQUEST_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION" can be in the string directly.
> + handle_cookie.handle);
> + binder_proc_unlock(proc);
> + kfree(freeze);
> + return 0;
> + }
> +
> + binder_node_lock(ref->node);
> +
> + if (ref->freeze) {
> + binder_user_error("%d:%d BC_REQUEST_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION freeze notification already set\n",
> + proc->pid, thread->pid);
> + binder_node_unlock(ref->node);
> + binder_proc_unlock(proc);
> + kfree(freeze);
> + return 0;
> + }
> + binder_stats_created(BINDER_STAT_FREEZE);
> + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&freeze->work.entry);
> + freeze->cookie = handle_cookie.cookie;
> + ref->freeze = freeze;
> + if (ref->node->proc) {
> + ref->freeze->work.type = ref->node->proc->is_frozen
> + ? BINDER_WORK_FROZEN_BINDER
> + : BINDER_WORK_UNFROZEN_BINDER;
> + binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
> + binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(&ref->freeze->work, &proc->todo);
> + binder_wakeup_proc_ilocked(proc);
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> + }
> + binder_node_unlock(ref->node);
> + binder_proc_unlock(proc);
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +binder_handle_bc_clear_freeze_notification(struct binder_proc *proc,
> + struct binder_thread *thread,
> + void __user **ptr)
> +{
> + struct binder_handle_cookie handle_cookie;
> + struct binder_ref_freeze *freeze = NULL;
This doesn't need to be initialized.
> + struct binder_ref *ref;
> +
> + if (copy_from_user(&handle_cookie, *ptr, sizeof(handle_cookie)))
> + return -EFAULT;
> + *ptr += sizeof(handle_cookie);
> +
> + binder_proc_lock(proc);
> + ref = binder_get_ref_olocked(proc, handle_cookie.handle, false);
> + if (!ref) {
> + binder_user_error("%d:%d %s invalid ref %d\n",
> + proc->pid, thread->pid,
> + "BC_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION",
This "BC_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION" can be in the string directly.
> + handle_cookie.handle);
> + binder_proc_unlock(proc);
> + kfree(freeze);
"freeze" has not been assigned here, right?
> + return 0;
> + }
> +
> + binder_node_lock(ref->node);
> +
> + if (!ref->freeze) {
> + binder_user_error("%d:%d BC_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION freeze notification not active\n",
> + proc->pid, thread->pid);
> + binder_node_unlock(ref->node);
> + binder_proc_unlock(proc);
> + return 0;
> + }
> + freeze = ref->freeze;
> + if (freeze->cookie != handle_cookie.cookie) {
> + binder_user_error("%d:%d BC_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION freeze notification cookie mismatch %016llx != %016llx\n",
> + proc->pid, thread->pid,
> + (u64)freeze->cookie,
> + (u64)handle_cookie.cookie);
> + binder_node_unlock(ref->node);
> + binder_proc_unlock(proc);
> + return 0;
> + }
> + ref->freeze = NULL;
> + binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
> + if (list_empty(&freeze->work.entry)) {
> + freeze->work.type = BINDER_WORK_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION;
> + if (thread->looper &
> + (BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_REGISTERED |
> + BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_ENTERED)) {
> + binder_enqueue_thread_work_ilocked(thread,
> + &freeze->work);
> + } else {
> + binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(&freeze->work,
> + &proc->todo);
> + binder_wakeup_proc_ilocked(proc);
> + }
> + } else {
> + // There is already a freeze notification. Take it over and rewrite
> + // the work type. If it was already sent, flag it for re-sending;
> + // Otherwise it's pending and will be sent soon.
The preferred style for comments is here:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/coding-style.html#commenting
> + WARN_ON_ONCE(freeze->work.type != BINDER_WORK_FROZEN_BINDER &&
> + freeze->work.type != BINDER_WORK_UNFROZEN_BINDER);
> + freeze->work.type = BINDER_WORK_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION;
> + if (freeze->sent)
> + freeze->resend = true;
> + }
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> + binder_node_unlock(ref->node);
> + binder_proc_unlock(proc);
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +binder_handle_bc_freeze_notification_done(struct binder_proc *proc,
> + struct binder_thread *thread,
> + void __user **ptr)
> +{
> + struct binder_work *w;
> + binder_uintptr_t cookie;
> + struct binder_ref_freeze *freeze = NULL;
nit: reversed christmas tree for variables.
> +
> + if (get_user(cookie, (binder_uintptr_t __user *)*ptr))
> + return -EFAULT;
> +
> + *ptr += sizeof(cookie);
> + binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
> + list_for_each_entry(w, &proc->delivered_freeze,
> + entry) {
Why is entry on a new line? It doesn't seem that long. There are other
parts in the patch with unecessary new lines.
> + struct binder_ref_freeze *tmp_freeze =
> + container_of(w,
> + struct binder_ref_freeze,
> + work);
> +
> + if (tmp_freeze->cookie == cookie) {
> + freeze = tmp_freeze;
> + break;
> + }
> + }
> + if (!freeze) {
> + binder_user_error("%d:%d BC_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE %016llx not found\n",
> + proc->pid, thread->pid, (u64)cookie);
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> + return 0;
> + }
> + binder_dequeue_work_ilocked(&freeze->work);
> + freeze->sent = false;
> + if (freeze->resend) {
> + freeze->resend = false;
> + if (thread->looper &
> + (BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_REGISTERED |
> + BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_ENTERED)) {
> + binder_enqueue_thread_work_ilocked(thread,
> + &freeze->work);
> + } else {
> + binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(&freeze->work,
> + &proc->todo);
> + binder_wakeup_proc_ilocked(proc);
> + }
> + }
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> /**
> * binder_free_buf() - free the specified buffer
> * @proc: binder proc that owns buffer
> @@ -4246,6 +4442,28 @@ static int binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc,
> binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> } break;
>
> + case BC_REQUEST_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION: {
> + int error = binder_handle_bc_request_freeze_notification(proc, thread,
> + &ptr);
> +
> + if (error)
> + return error;
> + } break;
> +
> + case BC_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION: {
> + int error = binder_handle_bc_clear_freeze_notification(proc, thread, &ptr);
> +
> + if (error)
> + return error;
> + } break;
> +
> + case BC_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE: {
> + int error = binder_handle_bc_freeze_notification_done(proc, thread, &ptr);
nit: any chance you could shorten the name of these functions?
maybe drop the "_handle_bc_" prefix?
> +
> + if (error)
> + return error;
> + } break;
> +
> default:
> pr_err("%d:%d unknown command %u\n",
> proc->pid, thread->pid, cmd);
> @@ -4635,6 +4853,50 @@ static int binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc,
> if (cmd == BR_DEAD_BINDER)
> goto done; /* DEAD_BINDER notifications can cause transactions */
> } break;
> +
> + case BINDER_WORK_FROZEN_BINDER:
> + case BINDER_WORK_UNFROZEN_BINDER: {
Do we need two different work types? Or could the froze/thaw state be
kept within 'struct binder_ref_freeze'? Do you think that could make
things simpler?
> + struct binder_ref_freeze *freeze;
> + struct binder_frozen_state_info info;
> +
> + freeze = container_of(w, struct binder_ref_freeze, work);
> + info.is_frozen = w->type == BINDER_WORK_FROZEN_BINDER;
> + info.cookie = freeze->cookie;
> + freeze->sent = true;
> + binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(w, &proc->delivered_freeze);
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> +
> + if (put_user(BR_FROZEN_BINDER, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
> + return -EFAULT;
> + ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
> + if (put_user(info.cookie,
> + (binder_uintptr_t __user *)ptr))
> + return -EFAULT;
> + ptr += sizeof(binder_uintptr_t);
> + if (put_user(info.is_frozen, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
> + return -EFAULT;
> + ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
> + binder_stat_br(proc, thread, BR_FROZEN_BINDER);
> + goto done; /* BR_FROZEN_BINDER notifications can cause transactions */
> + } break;
> +
> + case BINDER_WORK_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION: {
> + struct binder_ref_freeze *freeze =
> + container_of(w, struct binder_ref_freeze, work);
> + binder_uintptr_t cookie = freeze->cookie;
> +
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> + kfree(freeze);
> + binder_stats_deleted(BINDER_STAT_FREEZE);
> + if (put_user(BR_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
> + return -EFAULT;
> + ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
> + if (put_user(cookie, (binder_uintptr_t __user *)ptr))
> + return -EFAULT;
> + ptr += sizeof(binder_uintptr_t);
> + binder_stat_br(proc, thread, BR_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE);
> + } break;
> +
> default:
> binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> pr_err("%d:%d: bad work type %d\n",
> @@ -5242,6 +5504,52 @@ static bool binder_txns_pending_ilocked(struct binder_proc *proc)
> return false;
> }
>
> +static void binder_add_freeze_work(struct binder_proc *proc, bool is_frozen)
> +{
> + binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
This should come after the variable declarations.
> + struct rb_node *n;
> + struct binder_ref *ref;
> + enum binder_work_type wtype;
> +
> + for (n = rb_first(&proc->nodes); n; n = rb_next(n)) {
> + struct binder_node *node;
> +
> + node = rb_entry(n, struct binder_node, rb_node);
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> + binder_node_lock(node);
> + hlist_for_each_entry(ref, &node->refs, node_entry) {
> + /*
> + * Need the node lock to synchronize
> + * with new notification requests and the
> + * inner lock to synchronize with queued
> + * freeze notifications.
> + */
> + binder_inner_proc_lock(ref->proc);
> + if (!ref->freeze) {
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(ref->proc);
> + continue;
> + }
> + wtype = is_frozen ? BINDER_WORK_FROZEN_BINDER : BINDER_WORK_UNFROZEN_BINDER;
> + if (list_empty(&ref->freeze->work.entry)) {
> + ref->freeze->work.type = wtype;
> + binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(&ref->freeze->work,
> + &ref->proc->todo);
> + binder_wakeup_proc_ilocked(ref->proc);
> + } else {
> + WARN_ON_ONCE(ref->freeze->work.type ==
> + BINDER_WORK_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION);
> + if (ref->freeze->sent && ref->freeze->work.type != wtype)
> + ref->freeze->resend = true;
> + ref->freeze->work.type = wtype;
> + }
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(ref->proc);
> + }
> + binder_node_unlock(node);
> + binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
> + }
> + binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
> +}
> +
> static int binder_ioctl_freeze(struct binder_freeze_info *info,
> struct binder_proc *target_proc)
> {
> @@ -5253,6 +5561,7 @@ static int binder_ioctl_freeze(struct binder_freeze_info *info,
> target_proc->async_recv = false;
> target_proc->is_frozen = false;
> binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_proc);
> + binder_add_freeze_work(target_proc, false);
> return 0;
> }
>
> @@ -5266,6 +5575,7 @@ static int binder_ioctl_freeze(struct binder_freeze_info *info,
> target_proc->async_recv = false;
> target_proc->is_frozen = true;
> binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_proc);
> + binder_add_freeze_work(target_proc, true);
>
> if (info->timeout_ms > 0)
> ret = wait_event_interruptible_timeout(
> @@ -5658,6 +5968,7 @@ static int binder_open(struct inode *nodp, struct file *filp)
> binder_stats_created(BINDER_STAT_PROC);
> proc->pid = current->group_leader->pid;
> INIT_LIST_HEAD(&proc->delivered_death);
> + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&proc->delivered_freeze);
> INIT_LIST_HEAD(&proc->waiting_threads);
> filp->private_data = proc;
>
> @@ -6209,7 +6520,9 @@ static const char * const binder_return_strings[] = {
> "BR_FAILED_REPLY",
> "BR_FROZEN_REPLY",
> "BR_ONEWAY_SPAM_SUSPECT",
> - "BR_TRANSACTION_PENDING_FROZEN"
> + "BR_TRANSACTION_PENDING_FROZEN",
> + "BR_FROZEN_BINDER",
> + "BR_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE",
> };
>
> static const char * const binder_command_strings[] = {
> @@ -6232,6 +6545,9 @@ static const char * const binder_command_strings[] = {
> "BC_DEAD_BINDER_DONE",
> "BC_TRANSACTION_SG",
> "BC_REPLY_SG",
> + "BC_REQUEST_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION",
> + "BC_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION",
> + "BC_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE",
> };
>
> static const char * const binder_objstat_strings[] = {
> @@ -6241,7 +6557,8 @@ static const char * const binder_objstat_strings[] = {
> "ref",
> "death",
> "transaction",
> - "transaction_complete"
> + "transaction_complete",
> + "freeze",
> };
>
> static void print_binder_stats(struct seq_file *m, const char *prefix,
> diff --git a/drivers/android/binder_internal.h b/drivers/android/binder_internal.h
> index 5b7c80b99ae8..02f9c8d9cebc 100644
> --- a/drivers/android/binder_internal.h
> +++ b/drivers/android/binder_internal.h
> @@ -129,12 +129,13 @@ enum binder_stat_types {
> BINDER_STAT_DEATH,
> BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION,
> BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
> + BINDER_STAT_FREEZE,
> BINDER_STAT_COUNT
> };
>
> struct binder_stats {
> - atomic_t br[_IOC_NR(BR_TRANSACTION_PENDING_FROZEN) + 1];
> - atomic_t bc[_IOC_NR(BC_REPLY_SG) + 1];
> + atomic_t br[_IOC_NR(BR_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE) + 1];
> + atomic_t bc[_IOC_NR(BC_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE) + 1];
> atomic_t obj_created[BINDER_STAT_COUNT];
> atomic_t obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_COUNT];
> };
> @@ -159,6 +160,9 @@ struct binder_work {
> BINDER_WORK_DEAD_BINDER,
> BINDER_WORK_DEAD_BINDER_AND_CLEAR,
> BINDER_WORK_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION,
> + BINDER_WORK_FROZEN_BINDER,
> + BINDER_WORK_UNFROZEN_BINDER,
> + BINDER_WORK_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION,
> } type;
> };
>
> @@ -275,6 +279,13 @@ struct binder_ref_death {
> binder_uintptr_t cookie;
> };
>
> +struct binder_ref_freeze {
> + struct binder_work work;
> + binder_uintptr_t cookie;
> + bool sent;
> + bool resend;
> +};
> +
> /**
> * struct binder_ref_data - binder_ref counts and id
> * @debug_id: unique ID for the ref
> @@ -307,6 +318,8 @@ struct binder_ref_data {
> * @node indicates the node must be freed
> * @death: pointer to death notification (ref_death) if requested
> * (protected by @node->lock)
> + * @freeze: pointer to freeze notification (ref_freeze) if requested
> + * (protected by @node->lock)
> *
> * Structure to track references from procA to target node (on procB). This
> * structure is unsafe to access without holding @proc->outer_lock.
> @@ -323,6 +336,7 @@ struct binder_ref {
> struct binder_proc *proc;
> struct binder_node *node;
> struct binder_ref_death *death;
> + struct binder_ref_freeze *freeze;
> };
>
> /**
> @@ -374,6 +388,8 @@ struct binder_ref {
> * (atomics, no lock needed)
> * @delivered_death: list of delivered death notification
> * (protected by @inner_lock)
> + * @delivered_freeze: list of delivered freeze notification
> + * (protected by @inner_lock)
> * @max_threads: cap on number of binder threads
> * (protected by @inner_lock)
> * @requested_threads: number of binder threads requested but not
> @@ -421,6 +437,7 @@ struct binder_proc {
> struct list_head todo;
> struct binder_stats stats;
> struct list_head delivered_death;
> + struct list_head delivered_freeze;
> u32 max_threads;
> int requested_threads;
> int requested_threads_started;
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/android/binder.h b/include/uapi/linux/android/binder.h
> index d44a8118b2ed..140c39fb209d 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/android/binder.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/android/binder.h
> @@ -236,6 +236,11 @@ struct binder_frozen_status_info {
> __u32 async_recv;
> };
>
> +struct binder_frozen_state_info {
> + binder_uintptr_t cookie;
> + __u32 is_frozen;
> +};
> +
> /* struct binder_extened_error - extended error information
> * @id: identifier for the failed operation
> * @command: command as defined by binder_driver_return_protocol
> @@ -467,6 +472,16 @@ enum binder_driver_return_protocol {
> /*
> * The target of the last async transaction is frozen. No parameters.
> */
> +
> + BR_FROZEN_BINDER = _IOR('r', 21, struct binder_frozen_state_info),
> + /*
> + * void *: cookie
I believe this would technically need a "u32: is frozen" but I don't
know how that helps. I would write a short explanation of what this
means to userspace instead.
> + */
> +
> + BR_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE = _IOR('r', 22, binder_uintptr_t),
> + /*
> + * void *: cookie
> + */
> };
>
> enum binder_driver_command_protocol {
> @@ -550,6 +565,25 @@ enum binder_driver_command_protocol {
> /*
> * binder_transaction_data_sg: the sent command.
> */
> +
> + BC_REQUEST_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION =
> + _IOW('c', 19, struct binder_handle_cookie),
> + /*
> + * int: handle
> + * void *: cookie
> + */
> +
> + BC_CLEAR_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION = _IOW('c', 20,
> + struct binder_handle_cookie),
> + /*
> + * int: handle
> + * void *: cookie
> + */
> +
> + BC_FREEZE_NOTIFICATION_DONE = _IOW('c', 21, binder_uintptr_t),
> + /*
> + * void *: cookie
> + */
> };
>
> #endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_BINDER_H */
> --
> 2.45.2.627.g7a2c4fd464-goog
>
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