netdev - Re: [PATCH bpf-next 3/6] bpf: Introduce function-by-function verification

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Date:   Wed, 8 Jan 2020 21:24:55 +0000
From:   Song Liu <songliubraving@...com>
To:     Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@...il.com>
CC:     Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,
        David Miller <davem@...emloft.net>,
        "daniel@...earbox.net" <daniel@...earbox.net>,
        "netdev@...r.kernel.org" <netdev@...r.kernel.org>,
        "bpf@...r.kernel.org" <bpf@...r.kernel.org>,
        "Kernel Team" <Kernel-team@...com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH bpf-next 3/6] bpf: Introduce function-by-function
 verification



> On Jan 8, 2020, at 12:20 PM, Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@...il.com> wrote:
> 
> On Wed, Jan 08, 2020 at 07:10:59PM +0000, Song Liu wrote:
>> 
>> 
>>> On Jan 7, 2020, at 11:25 PM, Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org> wrote:
>>> 
>>> New llvm and old llvm with libbpf help produce BTF that distinguish global and
>>> static functions. Unlike arguments of static function the arguments of global
>>> functions cannot be removed or optimized away by llvm. The compiler has to use
>>> exactly the arguments specified in a function prototype. The argument type
>>> information allows the verifier validate each global function independently.
>>> For now only supported argument types are pointer to context and scalars. In
>>> the future pointers to structures, sizes, pointer to packet data can be
>>> supported as well. Consider the following example:
>> 
>> [...]
>> 
>>> The type information and static/global kind is preserved after the verification
>>> hence in the above example global function f2() and f3() can be replaced later
>>> by equivalent functions with the same types that are loaded and verified later
>>> without affecting safety of this main() program. Such replacement (re-linking)
>>> of global functions is a subject of future patches.
>>> 
>>> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>
>>> ---
>>> include/linux/bpf.h          |   7 +-
>>> include/linux/bpf_verifier.h |   7 +-
>>> include/uapi/linux/btf.h     |   6 +
>>> kernel/bpf/btf.c             | 147 +++++++++++++++++-----
>>> kernel/bpf/verifier.c        | 228 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
>>> 5 files changed, 317 insertions(+), 78 deletions(-)
>>> 
>>> diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
>>> index b14e51d56a82..ceb5b6c13abc 100644
>>> --- a/include/linux/bpf.h
>>> +++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
>>> @@ -558,6 +558,7 @@ static inline void bpf_dispatcher_change_prog(struct bpf_dispatcher *d,
>>> #endif
>>> 
>>> struct bpf_func_info_aux {
>>> +	u32 linkage;
>> 
>> How about we use u16 or even u8 for linkage? We are using BTF_INFO_VLEN() which 
>> is 16-bit long. Maybe we should save some bits for future extensions?
> 
> sure. u16 is fine.
> Will also introduce btf_func_kind() helper to avoid misleading BTF_INFO_VLEN macro.
> 
>>> -int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog)
>>> +/* Compare BTF of a function with given bpf_reg_state */
>>> +int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
>>> +			     struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
>> 
>> I think we need more comments for the retval of btf_check_func_arg_match().
> 
> sure.
> 
>>> {
>>> -	struct bpf_verifier_state *st = env->cur_state;
>>> -	struct bpf_func_state *func = st->frame[st->curframe];
>>> -	struct bpf_reg_state *reg = func->regs;
>>> 	struct bpf_verifier_log *log = &env->log;
>>> 	struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
>>> 	struct btf *btf = prog->aux->btf;
>> [...]
>>> +
>>> +/* Convert BTF of a function into bpf_reg_state if possible */
>>> +int btf_prepare_func_args(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
>>> +			  struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
>>> +{
>>> +	struct bpf_verifier_log *log = &env->log;
>>> +	struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
>>> +	struct btf *btf = prog->aux->btf;
>>> +	const struct btf_param *args;
>>> +	const struct btf_type *t;
>>> +	u32 i, nargs, btf_id;
>>> +	const char *tname;
>>> +
>>> +	if (!prog->aux->func_info ||
>>> +	    prog->aux->func_info_aux[subprog].linkage != BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL) {
>>> +		bpf_log(log, "Verifier bug\n");
>> 
>> IIUC, this should never happen? Maybe we need more details in the log, and 
>> maybe also WARN_ONCE()?
> 
> Should never happen and I think it's pretty clear from the diff, since
> this function is called after == FUNC_GLOBAL check in the caller.
> I didn't add WARN to avoid wasting .text even more here.
> Single 'if' above already feels a bit overly defensive.
> It's not like other cases in the verifier where we have WARN_ONCE.
> Those are for complex things. Here it's one callsite and trivial control flow.

Agreed. Current check is good enough. 

> 
>>> +	if (prog->aux->func_info_aux[subprog].unreliable) {
>>> +		bpf_log(log, "Verifier bug in function %s()\n", tname);
>>> +		return -EFAULT;
>> 
>> Why -EFAULT instead of -EINVAL? I think we treat them the same? 
> 
> EFAULT is a verifier bug like in all other places in the verifier
> where EFAULT is returned. EINVAL is normal error.

Thanks for the explanation. 

Song