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Date: Thu, 16 May 2024 19:06:55 -0700
From: Amery Hung <ameryhung@...il.com>
To: netdev@...r.kernel.org
Cc: bpf@...r.kernel.org, yangpeihao@...u.edu.cn, daniel@...earbox.net,
andrii@...nel.org, martin.lau@...nel.org, sinquersw@...il.com,
toke@...hat.com, jhs@...atatu.com, jiri@...nulli.us, sdf@...gle.com,
xiyou.wangcong@...il.com, yepeilin.cs@...il.com
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v8 03/20] bpf: Allow struct_ops prog to return
referenced kptr
On Fri, May 10, 2024 at 12:24 PM Amery Hung <ameryhung@...il.com> wrote:
>
> This patch allows a struct_ops program to return a referenced kptr
> if the struct_ops member has a pointer return type. To make sure the
> pointer returned to kernel is valid, it needs to be referenced and
> originally comes from the kernel. That is, it should be acquired
> through kfuncs or struct_ops "ref_acquried" arguments, but not allocated
> locally. Besides, null pointer is allowed. Therefore, kernel caller
> of the struct_ops function consuming the pointer needs to take care of
> the potential null pointer.
>
> The first use case will be Qdisc_ops::dequeue, where a qdisc returns a
> pointer to the skb to be dequeued.
>
> To achieve this, we first allow a reference object to leak through return
> if it is in the return register and the type matches the return type of the
> function. Then, we check whether the pointer to-be-returned is valid in
> check_return_code().
>
> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <amery.hung@...edance.com>
> ---
> kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
> 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> index 06a6edd306fd..2d4a55ead85b 100644
> --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> @@ -10081,16 +10081,36 @@ record_func_key(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_call_arg_meta *meta,
>
> static int check_reference_leak(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, bool exception_exit)
> {
> + enum bpf_prog_type type = resolve_prog_type(env->prog);
> + u32 regno = exception_exit? BPF_REG_1 : BPF_REG_0;
> + struct bpf_reg_state *reg = reg_state(env, regno);
> struct bpf_func_state *state = cur_func(env);
> + const struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
> + const struct btf_type *ret_type = NULL;
> bool refs_lingering = false;
> + struct btf *btf;
> int i;
>
> if (!exception_exit && state->frameno && !state->in_callback_fn)
> return 0;
>
> + if (type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS &&
> + reg->type & PTR_TO_BTF_ID && reg->ref_obj_id) {
> + btf = bpf_prog_get_target_btf(prog);
> + ret_type = btf_type_by_id(btf, prog->aux->attach_func_proto->type);
> + if (reg->btf_id != ret_type->type) {
> + verbose(env, "Return kptr type, struct %s, doesn't match function prototype, struct %s\n",
> + btf_type_name(reg->btf, reg->btf_id),
> + btf_type_name(btf, ret_type->type));
> + return -EINVAL;
> + }
> + }
> +
> for (i = 0; i < state->acquired_refs; i++) {
> if (!exception_exit && state->in_callback_fn && state->refs[i].callback_ref != state->frameno)
> continue;
> + if (ret_type && reg->ref_obj_id == state->refs[i].id)
> + continue;
> verbose(env, "Unreleased reference id=%d alloc_insn=%d\n",
> state->refs[i].id, state->refs[i].insn_idx);
> refs_lingering = true;
> @@ -15395,12 +15415,15 @@ static int check_return_code(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno, const char
> const char *exit_ctx = "At program exit";
> struct tnum enforce_attach_type_range = tnum_unknown;
> const struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
> - struct bpf_reg_state *reg;
> + struct bpf_reg_state *reg = reg_state(env, regno);
> struct bpf_retval_range range = retval_range(0, 1);
> enum bpf_prog_type prog_type = resolve_prog_type(env->prog);
> int err;
> struct bpf_func_state *frame = env->cur_state->frame[0];
> const bool is_subprog = frame->subprogno;
> + struct btf *btf = bpf_prog_get_target_btf(prog);
> + bool st_ops_ret_is_kptr = false;
> + const struct btf_type *t;
>
> /* LSM and struct_ops func-ptr's return type could be "void" */
> if (!is_subprog || frame->in_exception_callback_fn) {
> @@ -15409,10 +15432,26 @@ static int check_return_code(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno, const char
> if (prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_LSM_CGROUP)
> /* See below, can be 0 or 0-1 depending on hook. */
> break;
> - fallthrough;
> + if (!prog->aux->attach_func_proto->type)
> + return 0;
> + break;
> case BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS:
> if (!prog->aux->attach_func_proto->type)
> return 0;
> +
> + t = btf_type_by_id(btf, prog->aux->attach_func_proto->type);
> + if (btf_type_is_ptr(t)) {
> + /* Allow struct_ops programs to return kptr or null if
> + * the return type is a pointer type.
> + * check_reference_leak has ensured the returning kptr
> + * matches the type of the function prototype and is
> + * the only leaking reference. Thus, we can safely return
> + * if the pointer is in its unmodified form
> + */
> + if (reg->type & PTR_TO_BTF_ID)
> + return __check_ptr_off_reg(env, reg, regno, false);
> + st_ops_ret_is_kptr = true;
> + }
> break;
> default:
> break;
> @@ -15434,8 +15473,6 @@ static int check_return_code(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno, const char
> return -EACCES;
> }
>
> - reg = cur_regs(env) + regno;
> -
> if (frame->in_async_callback_fn) {
> /* enforce return zero from async callbacks like timer */
> exit_ctx = "At async callback return";
> @@ -15522,6 +15559,11 @@ static int check_return_code(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno, const char
> case BPF_PROG_TYPE_NETFILTER:
> range = retval_range(NF_DROP, NF_ACCEPT);
> break;
> + case BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS:
> + if (!st_ops_ret_is_kptr)
> + return 0;
> + range = retval_range(0, 0);
> + break;
Arguments and the return for helpers and kfuncs, where we transition
between bpf program and kernel, can be tagged, so that we can do
proper checks. struct_ops shares the similar property in that sense,
but currently lacks the ability to tag the return.
A discussion was that, here we assume the returning referenced kptr
"may be null" because that's what Qdisc expects. I think it would make
sense to only allow it when the return is explicitly tagged with
MAY_BE_NULL. How about doing so in the stub function name?
> case BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT:
> /* freplace program can return anything as its return value
> * depends on the to-be-replaced kernel func or bpf program.
> --
> 2.20.1
>
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