Date:   Wed, 27 May 2020 12:00:50 -0700
From:   Ian Rogers <irogers@...gle.com>
To:     Steve MacLean <steve.maclean@...ux.microsoft.com>
Cc:     Steve MacLean <Steve.MacLean@...rosoft.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...nel.org>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>,
        Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...hat.com>,
        Namhyung Kim <namhyung@...nel.org>,
        Stephane Eranian <eranian@...gle.com>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v4] perf inject --jit: Remove //anon mmap events

On Tue, May 26, 2020 at 6:52 PM Steve MacLean
<steve.maclean@...ux.microsoft.com> wrote:
>
> From: Steve MacLean <Steve.MacLean@...rosoft.com>
>
> **perf-<pid>.map and jit-<pid>.dump designs:
>
> When a JIT generates code to be executed, it must allocate memory and
> mark it executable using an mmap call.
>
> *** perf-<pid>.map design
>
> The perf-<pid>.map assumes that any sample recorded in an anonymous
> memory page is JIT code. It then tries to resolve the symbol name by
> looking at the process' perf-<pid>.map.
>
> *** jit-<pid>.dump design
>
> The jit-<pid>.dump mechanism takes a different approach. It requires a JIT
> to write a `<path>/jit-<pid>.dump` file. This file must also be mmapped
> so that perf inject -jit can find the file. The JIT must also add
> JIT_CODE_LOAD records for any functions it generates. The records are
> timestamped using a clock which can be correlated to the perf record
> clock.
>
> After perf record,  the `perf inject -jit` pass parses the recording
> looking for a `<path>/jit-<pid>.dump` file. When it finds the file, it
> parses it and for each JIT_CODE_LOAD record:
> * creates an elf file `<path>/jitted-<pid>-<code_index>.so
> * injects a new mmap record mapping the new elf file into the process.
>
> *** Coexistence design
>
> The kernel and perf support both of these mechanisms. We need to make
> sure perf works on an app supporting either or both of these mechanisms.
> Both designs rely on mmap records to determine how to resolve an ip
> address.
>
> The mmap records of both techniques by definition overlap. When the JIT
> compiles a method, it must:
> * allocate memory (mmap)
> * add execution privilege (mprotect or mmap. either will
> generate an mmap event form the kernel to perf)
> * compile code into memory
> * add a function record to perf-<pid>.map and/or jit-<pid>.dump
>
> Because the jit-<pid>.dump mechanism supports greater capabilities, perf
> prefers the symbols from jit-<pid>.dump. It implements this based on
> timestamp ordering of events. There is an implicit ASSUMPTION that the
> JIT_CODE_LOAD record timestamp will be after the // anon mmap event that
> was generated during memory allocation or adding the execution privilege setting.
>
> *** Problems with the ASSUMPTION
>
> The ASSUMPTION made in the Coexistence design section above is violated
> in the following scenario.
>
> *** Scenario
>
> While a JIT is jitting code it will eventually need to commit more
> pages and change these pages to executable permissions. Typically the
> JIT will want these collocated to minimize branch displacements.
>
> The kernel will coalesce these anonymous mapping with identical
> permissions before sending an MMAP event for the new pages. The address
> range of the new mmap will not be just the most recently mmap pages.
> It will include the entire coalesced mmap region.
>
> See mm/mmap.c
>
> unsigned long mmap_region(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
>                 unsigned long len, vm_flags_t vm_flags, unsigned long pgoff,
>                 struct list_head *uf)
> {
> ...
>         /*
>          * Can we just expand an old mapping?
>          */
> ...
>         perf_event_mmap(vma);
> ...
> }
>
> *** Symptoms
>
> The coalesced // anon mmap event will be timestamped after the
> JIT_CODE_LOAD records. This means it will be used as the most recent
> mapping for that entire address range. For remaining events it will look at the
> inferior perf-<pid>.map for symbols.
>
> If both mechanisms are supported, the symbol will appear twice with
> different module names. This causes weird behavior in reporting.
>
> If only jit-<pid>.dump is supported, the symbol will no longer be resolved.
>
> ** Implemented solution
>
> This patch solves the issue by removing // anon mmap events for any
> process which has a valid jit-<pid>.dump file.
>
> It tracks on a per process basis to handle the case where some running
> apps support jit-<pid>.dump, but some only support perf-<pid>.map.
>
> It adds new assumptions:
> * // anon mmap events are only required for perf-<pid>.map support.
> * An app that uses jit-<pid>.dump, no longer needs
> perf-<pid>.map support. It assumes that any perf-<pid>.map info is
> inferior.

Thanks Steve this is an important fix! As //anon could be for malloc
or other uses, should the stripping behavior be behind a flag?

Ian

> *** Details
>
> Use thread->priv to store whether a jitdump file has been processed
>
> During "perf inject --jit", discard "//anon*" mmap events for any pid which
> has sucessfully processed a jitdump file.
>
> ** Committer testing:
>
> // jitdump case
> perf record <app with jitdump>
> perf inject --jit --input perf.data --output perfjit.data
> // verify mmap "//anon" events present initially
> perf script --input perf.data --show-mmap-events | grep '//anon'
> // verify mmap "//anon" events removed
> perf script --input perfjit.data --show-mmap-events | grep '//anon'
> // no jitdump case
> perf record <app without jitdump>
> perf inject --jit --input perf.data --output perfjit.data
> // verify mmap "//anon" events present initially
> perf script --input perf.data --show-mmap-events | grep '//anon'
> // verify mmap "//anon" events not removed
> perf script --input perfjit.data --show-mmap-events | grep '//anon'
>
> ** Repro:
>
> This issue was discovered while testing the initial CoreCLR jitdump
> implementation. https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/pull/26897.
>
> ** Alternate solutions considered
>
> These were also briefly considered
> * Change kernel to not coalesce mmap regions.
> * Change kernel reporting of coalesced mmap regions to perf. Only
> include newly mapped memory.
> * Only strip parts of // anon mmap events overlapping existing
> jitted-<pid>-<code_index>.so mmap events.
>
> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...nel.org>
> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>
> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>
> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...hat.com>
> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@...nel.org>
> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@...gle.com>
> Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Steve MacLean <Steve.MacLean@...rosoft.com>
> ---
>  tools/perf/builtin-inject.c |  4 ++--
>  tools/perf/util/jitdump.c   | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-inject.c b/tools/perf/builtin-inject.c
> index 372ecb3..0f38862 100644
> --- a/tools/perf/builtin-inject.c
> +++ b/tools/perf/builtin-inject.c
> @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ static int perf_event__jit_repipe_mmap(struct perf_tool *tool,
>          * if jit marker, then inject jit mmaps and generate ELF images
>          */
>         ret = jit_process(inject->session, &inject->output, machine,
> -                         event->mmap.filename, sample->pid, &n);
> +                         event->mmap.filename, event->mmap.pid, &n);
>         if (ret < 0)
>                 return ret;
>         if (ret) {
> @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ static int perf_event__jit_repipe_mmap2(struct perf_tool *tool,
>          * if jit marker, then inject jit mmaps and generate ELF images
>          */
>         ret = jit_process(inject->session, &inject->output, machine,
> -                         event->mmap2.filename, sample->pid, &n);
> +                         event->mmap2.filename, event->mmap2.pid, &n);
>         if (ret < 0)
>                 return ret;
>         if (ret) {
> diff --git a/tools/perf/util/jitdump.c b/tools/perf/util/jitdump.c
> index e3ccb0c..d18596e 100644
> --- a/tools/perf/util/jitdump.c
> +++ b/tools/perf/util/jitdump.c
> @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
>  #include "jit.h"
>  #include "jitdump.h"
>  #include "genelf.h"
> +#include "thread.h"
>
>  #include <linux/ctype.h>
>  #include <linux/zalloc.h>
> @@ -749,6 +750,28 @@ static int jit_repipe_debug_info(struct jit_buf_desc *jd, union jr_entry *jr)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> +static void jit_add_pid(struct machine *machine, pid_t pid)
> +{
> +       struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, pid, pid);
> +
> +       if (!thread) {
> +               pr_err("%s: thread %d not found or created\n", __func__, pid);
> +               return;
> +       }
> +
> +       thread->priv = (void *)1;
> +}
> +
> +static bool jit_has_pid(struct machine *machine, pid_t pid)
> +{
> +       struct thread *thread = machine__find_thread(machine, pid, pid);
> +
> +       if (!thread)
> +               return 0;
> +
> +       return (bool)thread->priv;
> +}
> +
>  int
>  jit_process(struct perf_session *session,
>             struct perf_data *output,
> @@ -764,8 +787,13 @@ static int jit_repipe_debug_info(struct jit_buf_desc *jd, union jr_entry *jr)
>         /*
>          * first, detect marker mmap (i.e., the jitdump mmap)
>          */
> -       if (jit_detect(filename, pid))
> +       if (jit_detect(filename, pid)) {
> +               // Strip //anon* mmaps if we processed a jitdump for this pid
> +               if (jit_has_pid(machine, pid) && (strncmp(filename, "//anon", 6) == 0))
> +                       return 1;
> +
>                 return 0;
> +       }
>
>         memset(&jd, 0, sizeof(jd));
>
> @@ -784,6 +812,7 @@ static int jit_repipe_debug_info(struct jit_buf_desc *jd, union jr_entry *jr)
>
>         ret = jit_inject(&jd, filename);
>         if (!ret) {
> +               jit_add_pid(machine, pid);
>                 *nbytes = jd.bytes_written;
>                 ret = 1;
>         }
> --
> 1.8.3.1
>

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